Sub‐Saharan Africa poor development record over the last thirty years

Table of Contents Introduction The development record Reasons for poor development Failures of the Sub Saharan Africa The Sub Saharan Africa successes Conclusion Reference List Introduction Africa is one of the continents lagging behind in all sorts of developments for a long time. As a result, it has had continuous dependence on other continents for several items. Most of the industrial commodities used in Africa are imported.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sub†Saharan Africa poor development record over the last thirty years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That way, it continues to enrich other continents by adding into their foreign exchange. Over the last thirty years, the Sub Saharan Africa has recorded a very poor development, making its people to continue languishing in poverty. Compared to other continents, its economic performance is comparatively poor. The development record The poor develop ment record can clearly be seen in its per capita Gross Domestic Product of the 1980s, which declined by 1.3 percent per annum coming five percentage points below the average of all income developing countries (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 64). The decline has since continued to increase from the 1980s up to now. Between 1990 and 1994, the economic growth slowed down a great deal, whereby the per capita GDP decline accelerated to 1.8 percent and with time went up to 6.2 per cent (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 64). From the 1980s, it has declined by almost 1 percent annually making the countries poorer than they were in the 1980s. That has made it the lowest income region in the whole world. Reasons for poor development Lack of social capital is one of the reasons that have led to the poor economic growth. The community and the government through institutions that facilitate private property can generate social capital (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 65). The government plays the gre atest role in determining the rate of development of a particular country. By imposing taxation on different areas of production or businesses, it only means one thing, and that is, many people who would be willing to invest in certain areas will be cut off.. There are those who may go ahead but they end up realizing very little growth. When transaction costs are high, the level of economic development will slow down. This part of Africa has greatly been affected by civil wars. With wars, little developments can take place since insecurity will make people fear to make any form of investments in the affected areas. People will fear and run for their lives to different neighboring countries and this is what has happened in this region.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More That also affects the neighboring countries, as they have to put up with the increasing number of refugees fro m the affected areas. Today, most African countries are still facing wars and after the war, it takes a long time to rebuild the economy again (Crafts 1999, p. 20). Over the last three decades, there have been low levels of investments in the Sub Saharan Africa and the region is not in good capacity to import the capital goods and technology that are needed to accelerate structural change. Therefore, there is need for increase in support that the African countries get from multilateral organizations like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This is because it is not easy to attain good economic growth from other sources like the Foreign Direct Investments. The slow economic growth could also have been greatly influenced by the region’s adverse climatic conditions, which results to poor health and thus reduces life expectancy (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 8). Most parts of this region are tropical which greatly affects the economy. This is because most of the p eople are affected by tropical diseases like malaria. The disease is said to be one of the leading causes of death in the tropical region of the world and the governments of those countries have to spend a lot in trying to curb it (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 7). The harsh weather conditions result to leached soils, which are of poor quality and unreliable rainfall thus making most of the region semi arid. All that affects agricultural activities and this greatly affects the economic development of the countries that lie in this region since they mainly depend on agriculture. When they are deprived of their major economic activity, poverty ensues and with it, positive economic growth cannot be recorded. In general, Africa is also said to be the leading continent in the rate of HIV and AIDS infections. It has recorded the highest number of deaths related to the dangerous disease and as a result, the continent has lost a lot of skilled labor (Sender, 1999, p.91). People who could br ing about good economic growth perish with the disease and this greatly affects the given countries. The governments of such countries have had to spend a lot of money in taking care of the infected and the affected, for instance, they have to buy ARVs, which help to prolong the lives of the infected. Additionally, the government has the task of taking care of the orphaned children. That huge amount of finance spent in all that could have otherwise been used on development projects that could bring about positive economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sub†Saharan Africa poor development record over the last thirty years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the African poor people are greatly affected by economic and health related factors, natural disasters, and conflict shocks, which continue to keep them in poverty (World Bank 201, p. 2). The World Bank looks forward to enabling the African countries to provide better health care and make use of irrigation together with other water management ways to help them deal with the effects of climatic change. Global warming, which is the main cause of climatic change, has led to raised temperatures, prolonged seasons of drought and decline in rainfall. All these make it hard for Sub-Saharan African countries to sustain their agricultural activities resulting to poverty and hence poor economic growth. This part of the African continent is made up of developing countries which face are technologically challenged (Commission on Growth and Development 2008, p.3). Most of them still lag behind in innovation and the creation of new technology; they just absorb and adapt technologies that already exist elsewhere in the world. For example, African countries started using computers a few years ago long after that innovation whereas in the western world, use of computers had become the norm of the day. This means that that they have ta ken long to develop economically as progress in technology is highly important in determining economic growth. Failures of the Sub Saharan Africa Corruption is another major problem that has dragged behind Africans. For economic growth to prevail there must be openness in carrying out operations. Most African countries have however failed in fighting corruption (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 69). Africa is said to be the leading continent in the levels of the vice. Therefore, it is very hard to attain economic growth and development as embezzlement has already become deeply rooted in most African countries due to corruption. This happens when for instance money is set aside for developments such as roads construction but is not utilized for such purposes but for personal gain by corrupt leaders. This explains the reason as to why there is a very wide gap between the poor and the rich in this region. Some people are too rich because of acquiring property through the wrong means while others are too poor.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As said earlier, agriculture is the main economic activity in most of the African countries as many of the people depend on it for survival. The sector is very crucial, as it is a great source of foreign exchange in the region; 70 percent of the Africans depend on it and half of all employed women are in the sector (Sender, 1999, p. 97). This shows how important the sector is to the continent but things would be better if the African governments took measures to promote the farmers. Some Africans practice cash crop farming but the efforts of such people are greatly undermined by the fact that, they are made to remit a certain amount of money as agricultural taxation (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 66). For a country to reap economic gains, it must have good infrastructure. Definitely, anything that has been produced needs to be transported to the market. For this to happen, there has to be a good transport and communication network not only in the urban centers but also deep in the r ural areas. This is where most of the African governments have failed in (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p 66). The rural areas where agricultural products come from are hardly accessible as there are no enough roads and those that are available are in very bad conditions. The situation becomes worse when it rains, as most of the roads are very rough. As a result, great losses are encountered in the transportation process of agricultural perishable goods. It is estimated that in the Sub Saharan Africa, agriculture accounts for between 30 and 55 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (Sender, 1999, p. 96). Although the rural areas of the African region may be very rich in agricultural soils that may end up not contributing the right percentage to their economic growth as most of the produce, fail to get to the required market at the appropriate time. Therefore, the people and the governments need to cooperate in order to build social interaction and that will definitely lead to economic g ains. This can be achieved through building trust, which lowers the transaction costs (Collier and Gunning, 1999, p. 19). There is a growing rate of unemployment in most parts of this region. The governments of the African countries have failed in provision of employment, as most of the people remain jobless. As a result, many people are not able to place food on the table and they continue to live in poverty. Research shows that by the year 1996, only 1 percent of the African population consisted of civil servants which is lower compared to other developing countries whereby 3 percent and above of the population are civil servants. Those who are lucky to get civil employment may not be so happy as well, for they receive little wages, which is not good enough to lead a comfortable life. Most of the African nations have more ethnic diversity than other poor countries in the world and this makes it more difficult for them to have or develop an interconnected economy (Collier and Gunni ng, 1999, p. 67). The governments of the Sub Saharan African countries have not done much in fighting ethnicity. People continue to term themselves different from one another and this breeds nepotism and discrimination, which causes many conflicts. People of different ethnic groups have different beliefs and ways of life. What one group does and terms as very good may not be allowed by another group. When such differences occur, cooperation is not very easy and thus developments cannot be arrived at with much ease. The Sub Saharan Africa successes Sometimes back, there was a very high rate of infant mortality in the region. Most of the deaths occurred in children under five years because of the diseases that affect them while at that age. These diseases include measles, tuberculosis, and whooping cough among others. With continued improved medical care, the number of deaths in small children has greatly been reduced as they are immunized against most of the diseases in the first yea r of their lives. The number of children who die at infancy has drastically reduced (Sender, 1999, p. 90). There have been increased medical facilities that facilitate the provision of better health care and in addition to that, there has been improved nutrition adding to the advantage. As a result, there has been increased life expectancy even in the poor countries (Crafts, 1999, p. 21). Credit should also be given to these countries for promoting literacy to its people. It is no longer the time when women were to stay at home and raise children. Fifty years ago, women in Africa were very unlikely ever to attend school and over 90 percent of the adult females were illiterate (Sender, 1999, p. 92). Most of the countries in this region have done a lot to ensure that the girl child is protected, and gets the required education. The World Bank is in the process of making sure that the economy of African countries improves (World Bank 201, p. 1). This will see majority of people access employment and hence improving their living standards. Many of the poor people live and work in the rural areas but perhaps that may change in future as more people are now migrating to the urban centers in search of better lives. This has created a pool of people who are unemployed and many ends up indulging in criminal activities and prostitution for survival. Conclusion The Sub Saharan Africa has had poor development for a long time. It is considered the last in all development records compared to other regions in the world. The region’s tropical climate, which causes tropical diseases and harsh weather for agriculture, is one of the reasons associated with its failures. To add to that, the governments of countries in this region have failed in several ways and this has led to a decline in the economic development of the region. They have failed to provide good infrastructure, fight corruption, and have not been able to scrap taxation that is imposed on different areas of investment. Though these governments have failed in one way or another, they have also had their successes. They have been able to provide better health care and education to their citizens. Reference List Collier, P., and Gunning, J. (1999). Explaining African Economic Performance. Journal of Economic Literature, 37, 64-11. Collier, P., and Gunning, J. (1999). Why has Africa grown slowly? Journal of Economic perspectives, 13, 3-22. Commission on Growth and Development. (2008). The Growth Report, Washington DC: World Bank. Web. Crafts, N. (1999). Economic growth in the twentieth century. Oxford review of economic policy, 15, 18-31. Sender, J. (1999). African’s performance: Limitations of the current consensus. Journal of Economic perspectives, 13, 89-114. World Bank. (2011). Africa’s Future, World Bank: Washington DC. Available from  http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0,contentMDK:22846778~pagePK:146736~piPK:226340~theSitePK:258644,00.html This essay on Sub†Saharan Africa poor development record over the last thirty years was written and submitted by user LaNu1t to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

University of Puget Sound Admissions and Admit Rate

University of Puget Sound Admissions and Admit Rate Admission to the University of Puget Sound is not highly selective. In 2016, the university had a 79 percent acceptance rate. Successful applicants tend to have high school GPAs above a B and above average standardized test scores (note, however, that ACT and SAT scores are optional).   application, those interested in the University of Puget Sound will need to send in official high school transcripts, a personal essay, and letters of recommendation. For complete information and guidelines about applying, be sure to visit the University of Puget Sounds website, or get in touch with the admissions office. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016) University of Puget Sound Acceptance Rate: 79 percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for Puget SoundWhat these SAT numbers meanTop Washington colleges SAT comparisonWhat these ACT numbers meanTop Washington colleges ACT comparison University of Puget Sound Description The University of Puget Sound is grounded in a strong liberal arts curriculum that has earned the college a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. The University of Puget Sound can boast of an 13 to 1  student / faculty ratio. The school is located in Tacoma, Washington, so students have easy access to the cultural and social opportunities of the city, as well as proximity to the Cascade and Olympic mountain ranges. Students come from 46 states and 8 countries, and on the financial front, the great majority of students receive grant aid. Student life is active with over 100 clubs and organizations, and 23 varsity sports teams that compete in the NCAA Division III Northwest Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,791  (2,508 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40  percent male / 60 percent female99 percent full-time Costs (2016  - 17) Tuition and Fees: $46,552Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,800Other Expenses: $2,300Total Cost: $61,652 University of Puget Sound Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 45 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $19,322Loans: $8,660 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Economics, English, History, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86 percentTransfer Out Rate: 16 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 80 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Basketball, Crew, Football, Swimming, Cross Country, Tennis, BaseballWomens Sports:  Lacrosse, Softball, Volleyball, Swimming, Golf, Crew, Track and Field Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like University of Puget Sound, You May Also Like These Schools Reed College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWhitman College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Washington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGonzaga University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSanta Clara University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWhitworth University: Profile  Stanford University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLewis Clark College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSeattle University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Portland: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashington State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Century medical history

An important person was Edward , who discovered a smallpox vaccination. He did not actually invent it, because it had already existed. She ran an experiment on an eight year old boy to test the smallpox vaccine. He did this by giving him first which served as a immunization. Joseph Priestley was an important figure in the century. He discovered the now called element oxygen. Before his discovery, people did not understand what air or what it was made of. He also was a researcher, Philosopher and a Chemist.Benjamin Franklin Invented the bifocals, although he was greatly known for his work In electrical theory. He established laws on how electricity operates, how to store and use It. He Is also famous for his experiment with the kite and key. Rune Invented the Stethoscope. With this he Investigated sounds made by the heart and lungs, and compared It to his diagnosis he got from autopsies. He also wrote the first descriptions of and cirrhosis and also classified lung conditions Like pneumonia, pleurisy and emphysema.Lastly, John Hunter was a surgeon of the century and Is now known as founder of scientific surgery. He made many advances In surgical procedures, while teaching anatomy and surgery. He also first documented reports on tube feeding. By immunization. Joseph Priestley was an important figure in the century. He Philosopher and a Chemist. Benjamin Franklin invented the bifocals, although he was greatly known for his work in electrical theory.He established laws on how electricity operates, how to store and use it. He is also famous for his experiment with the kite and key. Rune invented the Stethoscope. With this he investigated sounds made by the heart and lungs, and compared it to his diagnosis he got from also classified lung conditions like pneumonia, pleurisy and emphysema.

TV Makes People Dumber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TV Makes People Dumber - Essay Example This essay generally believes that TV is bad for the youth. TV makes people dumber because it teaches racial prejudice and discrimination, it may boost memory, but not critical thinking skills, and it may be too complex for their cognitive and emotional levels, thereby limiting their ability to maximize potential learning from it. TV shows, even those with complex narratives, contains ideas that promote racial prejudice. Steven Johnson, in his essay, â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter,† maintains that TV is good for people’s brains because many shows, including bad ones, have complex narratives with multiple-occurring plots. The complexity of TV stories compels people to think deeply, and this thinking makes them smarter. This paper opposes this argument because 24 may have a complex narrative, but it promotes racial stereotypes about Arabs and Muslims. It turns race into a literal black-and-white plot of morality, disabling people from realizing that TV is just a stor y, not a valid generalization of racial identities. Furthermore, some reality TV shows suggest that racial prejudice is fun and entertaining. Scholastic Scope explores the dangers of watching reality TV shows in â€Å"Is Reality TV Making You Stupid?† ... ho are negatively portrayed on TV and movies, such as what Dana Stevens highlights in â€Å"Thinking outside the Idiot Box.† Teenagers might think that racism is nothing serious and become discriminatory to minorities. Moreover, Reality TV might be making people stupid because it portrays negative values and conduct. It teaches selfishness. Most shows are about â€Å"me† than about â€Å"we.† In addition, reality TV teaches materialism. Shows such as My Super Sweet 16 underscore the negative effects of TV on the young mind. They might learn that materialism is good for their lives. Aside from potentially forming negative conduct, TV may improve memory, but not critical thinking skills. Susan Smith presents some evidence that TV is good for the brain in â€Å"TV Makes You Smart.† She mentions a study which provides findings that watching TV, especially comedy, can enhance memory. Johnson agrees with Smith and says that TV is a memory-booster because people have to memorize plots and characters to understand what they are watching. However, this essay argues that comedy and complex dramatic narratives might be good for the memory, but they are not true cognitive workouts as Johnson claims. It may produce short-term memory enhancement, but it does not train young minds to challenge what they watch. Moreover, watching TV makes people want to watch more TV only because it captures attention. Stevens believe that instead of making people smarter, TV merely conditions people to watch more. Watching more TV, if it does not make people smarter and can even make them dumber, will only make matters worse for people’s ability to think critically. In addition, watching TV trains people to be sensitive to changing actions and social relationships, but not how to question these

Social Media as a tool for Surveillance and gaze How do people consume Essay

Social Media as a tool for Surveillance and gaze How do people consume and watch each other on SM platforms and what are the consequences of such activities - Essay Example Hence given the exceptional participant figures, programs such as MySpace and Twitter represent key targets for security personnel in search of crime-related intelligence (Andrejivic 2005, pp.479-497). However, for the public, the possibility of accessing civic services and funds resourcefully serves as a justification of the SNS and the collective surveillance incentives. Moreover, the progressive advancement of social media has increasingly served as a basis of human empowerment in various ways. The Internet categorically enhances involvement in political activities, permits individuals to cost-effectively share their ideologies, as well as to instantly, store data. Social media can be termed as empowering in contrast to the exploitation of web conferencing, TV shows, and cellular phones by its consumers. Basing on this perception, transforming the user’s responsibility from inert to dynamic; surveillance creates prospects for communication and seeking information as noted by Albrechtslund (2008, pp.1-1). Furthermore, the Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) often relies on the SNS to offer surveillance services given its conservatory and interactive potential. Studies also indicate that most people often rely on the social media to make new friends. As reported by Andrejivic (2005, pp.479-497), participatory surveillance has the potentiality to act as a tool for monitoring companionship by reviewing the data shared by different users online. Social media also entails the idea of exchanging personal details with others. Consequently, the idea of sharing ought not to be despised, since the private data that individual’s share reveals a stage of communication that does not predominantly need

Famous Thinkers Essay Example for Free

Famous Thinkers Essay There are many famous thinkers that have lived on this earth who have made significant changes to everyones lives. A couple famous thinkers stand out amongst them all. These two are Mr. Bill Gates and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Their contributions society have been great and were based off of their personal, social and political environments. They had both sought to solve problems or issues that people faced and they were able to provide solutions and implement them. The solutions they provided all followed a creative process, which will be compared to each other, and their ideas will be critiqued to discuss what they could have done differently. Contributions to Society Mr. Bill Gates and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. have both contributed to society in different ways. Bill Gates had gained immense wealth through the creation and sales of Microsoft Windows, and he is using this wealth for philanthropic reasons. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation contributes to societies throughout the world. Their contributions range from providing vaccines in Africa, to financial services for the poor in the United States. These contributions affect society as they provide better health by helping prevent illness and helping better the lives of those less fortunate. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lead the change in gaining equal civil rights for African Americans by using nonviolent civil disobedience. The Environment Mr Bill Gates and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lived in different environments which attributed to their creativity in solving problems or issues. Bill Gates was raised in a financially responsible family, and attended a preparatory school which allowed him to focus on computer programming. This environment allowed Bill Gates to excel in what he loved and create the Microsoft organization. Bill Gates gained enormous wealth through his creation of Microsoft, which he now uses for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lived in a rough environment. He grew up where African Americans where considered a lesser person and were segregated because of their race. This eventually lead Martin Luther King Jr. to take lead in the civil rights movement, which brought him to direct the march on Washington, D.C and give his I Have a Dream speech. Solving Problems or Issues Mr. Bill Gates and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. both address issues in society. Bill Gates addresses issues across the world, where Martin Luther King Jr. addresses civil rights issues in the United States. Bill Gates, through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, currently aids in numerous issues throughout the world. Some of the more widely known issues are support for better education in the United States, and contributions to providing vaccinations in Africa. The issues that Bill Gates seeks to solve is poor education in the United States and to prevent disease and death in developing countries. Martin Luther King Jr. had addressed the civil rights issues to help gain equal rights for African Americans in the United States by use of nonviolent civil disobedience. Solutions The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation works through funding other non-profit organizations working towards the common goal of helping impoverished people, providing health services in developing countries, and helping better the education system in the United States. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had a solution to bring the people together and spread the word of equal civil rights through speech, and motivation. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at several different venues through the United States prior to the I Have a Dream speech in Washington, D.C. At the I Have a Dream speech, over 250,000 people attended and marched, showing non-violent civil disobedience. (The Nobel Foundation, 1964). Comparing the Creative Processes Bill Gates creative process was very simple in the fact that he has money, and wants to do good with it. His process was to create the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, find non-profit organizations that share a common goal, support them financially and repeat the process. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had a more complex creative process, where he had to bring the African American people together and get the leaders of the United States to listen. Martin Luther King Jr. began by traveling the United States, speaking where civil rights of African Americans where being denied. Through his speeches and travel, he brought together the African American people and accomplished the goal of gaining equal civil rights (The Nobel Foundation, 1964). Critique of Ideas The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation can take an active role in their philanthropic ideals. The foundation currently supports other non-profit organizations that work toward the foundations goals. If Bill Gates could turn the foundation around and actively work towards their goals by doing something themselves, they may achieve greater success as other organization seeking support can follow their lead. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. should not have done anything different. His motives of showing the world that the African American people are humans too, and deserve equal civil rights was conducted in a non-violent manner and accomplished his goal to gain equal civil rights. Conclusion Mr. Bill Gates and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. have provided great contributions to society across the world and in the United States. Their environments helped bring about this desire to contribute as they had both sought to solve problems or issues faced by society. The solutions they provided all followed a creative process, which Bill Gates could have done a better job at and Martin Luther King Jr. couldnt have done better. References Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ King, M. L. (2003). I HAVE A DREAM. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/394023549?accountid=35812. Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: A guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Longman. The Nobel Foundation. (1964). Martin Luther King Jr. Biographical. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html

My City on the Mountain :: Personal Narrative College Flagstaff Essays

My City on the Mountain Flagstaff, Arizona to me has been â€Å"The City on the Hill† with its seemingly beautiful light shining down on to me in the Valley of the Sun. I have planned my get away up the mountain (as Phoenicians refer to going to Flagstaff) as long as I can remember. Ever since I was old enough to know what a college really was I have known I was going to be attending Northern Arizona University in the fall of 2004. The thought of cool mountain air blowing against my face each morning, sure made the wall of heat that actually surrounded my body each time I stepped out side seem unbearable. Living in a place with pine tree and four seasons filled my every dream. Northern Arizona University was to be my escape from Chandler and my place for a new start. Once there I expected to find new friends, new and better classes, and a place where I could spread my wings. When the day finally came to make my big move to Flagstaff, I was more nervous than I ever imagined was possible. Questions continually came to mind. What if I forgot something important from my room? What if I didn’t like my roommate? What if I did not make friends? And the what-if’s didn’t end there, but they were softened when I finally reached campus and was warmly welcomed by those who had moved in before me. Yet, the fears of actual friendship loomed in the back of my mind. As welcome week progressed I was able to start to meet people more and more like me. Although at times it seemed unbearably hard being as shy as I can be. Through each activity I was involved in I met people I liked, and even some that really were not the type of people I was interested in. Dreams of friends were becoming a reality and the fears in the back of my mind were slowly being quieted.

United Nations Environment Programme Environmental Sciences Essay

The United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) matching United Nations environmental programme, back uping developing states in implement environmentally strongHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_peacebuilding † policies and patterns. It was start as a consequence of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in June 1972 and has its central offices in Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP has six regional offices and different state offices. UNEP is represent transversally the Earth by six regional offices: in Africa Nairobi, Kenya. Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand. Europe in Geneva, Switzerland. Latin America and the Caribbean in Mexico City, Mexico. North America in Washington DC, USA, and West Asia in Manama, Bahrain. UNEP ‘s planetary and transverse scrotal position is throw back image in its organisational construction, its behavior and its human resources. UNEP staff semen from about 100 states. About tierce of UNEP ‘s about 1,000 staff reside and work in Nairobi ; the most are located around the universe in more than 28 metropoliss in 25 states. UNEP ‘s planetary foundation is in Nairobi, Kenya. It is peculiar of merely two UN programme headquartered in the underdeveloped universe. Bing base in Africa give UNEP a first-hand considerate of the environmental job expression developing states. UNEP has a caput office in Paris, France, anyplace its Division of Technology, Industry and Economics ( DTIE ) is headquartered. UNEP and DTIE have subdivisions in Geneva, Switzerland, and Osaka in Japan. UNEP ‘s chief mission is provide leading and promote partnership in helpful for the environment by animating, inform, and enable states and peoples to develop their quality of life without via media that of future coevalss. UNEP is the nominative authorization of the United Nations system in environmental impact at the planetary and regional degree. Its understanding is to organize the enlargement of environmental policy consensus by maintained the planetary environment under reappraisal and convey lifting issues to the consideration of authoritiess and the international community for action. The bid and aims of UNEP emanate from United Nations General Assembly declaration 2997 ( XXVII ) of 15 December 1972 and subsequent amendment adopted at UNCED in 1992, the Nairobi Declaration on the Role and Mandate of UNEP, adopted at the Nineteenth Session of the UNEP Governing Council, and the Malmo Ministerial Declaration of 31 May 2000. Its actions cover a big series of issues about the ambiance, Marine and tellurian ecosystems. It has play a of import portion in developing international environmental conventions, promote environmental scientific discipline and information and exemplifying the m those can work in concurrence with policy, working on the development and execution of policy with national authoritiess and regional establishment and working in concurrence with environmental Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) . UNEP has besides been lively in grant and processing environmentally related development undertakings. UNEP has aided in the development of guidelines and pacts on issues such as the international trade in potentially unsafe chemicals, Tran border air pollution, and taint of international waterways. The World Meteorological Organization and the UNEP founded the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) in 1988. UNEP is besides one of some Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility Major maps are International agreements to better environmental protection, Periodic appraisals and scientifically sound prognosiss to keep declaration devising and international consensus on the chief environmental menaces and response to them, keep for more helpful national and international response to environmental menaces, including policy advice to authoritiess, many-sided organisations and others to beef up environmental protection and integrated environmental considerations into the sustainable development pattern, More successful coordination of environmental affair surrounded by the UN system, better consciousness and installation for environmental direction between authoritiess, the private sector and civil society, Better apprehension of the link between environment and human security, poorness obliteration, and forestalling and extenuating natural catastrophes. UNEP, s duties are Promoting international cooperation in the field of the environment and urge appropriate policies, Monitoring the significance of the planetary environment and assemblage and circulating environmental information, Catalyzing environmental consciousness and accomplishment to turn to major environmental menaces between authorities, the private sector and civil humanity, Facilitating the coordination of UN actions on affairs concerned with the environment, and guarantee, through aid, affair and engagement, that their behavior take environmental considerations into history, Developing regional programmes for environmental sustailiability. Helping, upon petition, environment ministries and other environmental governments, in peculiar in developing states and states with economic systems in passage, to explicate and implement environmental policies, Supplying country-level environmental capacity edifice and engineering support, functioning to develop international environmental jurisprudence, and supplying professional advice on the development and usage of environmental constructs and instruments. The understanding through standards-driven environmental policy in developed states over the past decennaries suggest that the authorization environmental criterions and engineerings acted as a draw on economic growing and costs have been far better than expected, while still rather low-cost given their high incomes. This realisation has induced developed states to look for more capable or at least less valuable agencies of achieve the same degree of environmental security during the usage of economic or market-based instruments. For developing states and the transitional economic systems of Eastern Europe and the old Soviet Union, the divorce of environmental policy from economic policy and from strivings to accomplish sustainable development is nonmeaningful and potentially black both economically and environmentally. Where criterions of life are intolerably low, where poorness is a major beginning and victim of environmental debasement, where natural resource direction is the engine of growing, where once designed economic systems struggle to reconstitute and retrieve, enforcing restraints on economic activity to protect the environment for its ain interest instead than as an input in sustainable development has really limited entreaty. Under these status, environmental policy can non be divorced from economic policy and development scheme. Furthermore, under conditions of speedy economic growing and huge structural alteration, mandated criterions and engineerings that permit no room for differential answe r and alteration to rapidly altering fortunes be together really valuable and hard to implement. Command-and-controls require the generous usage of assets such as capital, authorities income, direction accomplishments, administrative and enforcement capablenesss, the really factors that are in scarce supply in developing and reforming economic systems. The challenge for developing states and transitional economic systems is to categorise and follow instrument that articulation together environmental and economic policy and that are penurious in their usage of scarce development and direction resources instruments that allow differential response by economic units and adjust flexibly to altering fortunes. The hunt for instruments of environmental direction in developing states and transitional economic systems is a hunt for instruments of sustainable development. Economic instruments meet most of these conditions and are unambiguously suited for the integrating of environmental and economic policy and can be designed to progress sustainable development.

The Poaching and Eating of Animals

The Poaching and Eating of Animals Benjamin L. VanDyke GEO 150 6/22/2010 Tim G. Buchanan Poaching is the hunting or killing of animals that are not either in season to be hunted or are protected by animal rights laws. There are many hunting laws and seasons that one has to comply with in their own country. Many countries have outlawed the hunting of animals that are close to extinction. Other countries; such as the United States use hunting to control the numbers of animals whose numbers are more than plentiful. There are many reasons for poaching, mostly financially motivated. The costs or effects of Poaching can be deadly not only to the animals themselves but also to human beings. There are measures being taken to stop and regulate the act of poaching. There are many reasons why animals are poached, food, the Ivory of their tusks, Witchcraft and, Medicinal purposes, and just for their skins or furs. Some animals such as the Gorilla and other primates in Africa are being hunted for their meat, so that families and tribes can eat. These same animals along with the wild cats, such as Lions and Leopards, Elephants, hyena, and buffalo are considered to be sources of what is called bush meat. These animals are killed, skinned and striped of their meat to be smoked and shipped to restaurants in Africa, Asia and Europe. The Asian and African Elephants are hunted for the ivory of their tusks. More than 2,500 tusks and 14,600 pieces of ivory were seized worldwide between January 1, 2000 and May 21, 2002. That might not seem like a lot but that equals out to over 2,000 dead elephants, in less than a year and a half. In some African tribes animals are thought of as having magical and medicinal value. Many tribes in the Congo believe that the leopard is a highly magical creature and is killed so that the witch doctors can wear the skins to show just how magically powerful they are. Other animals are used as sacrifices to cleanse away bad omens or curses. If it is a dry year the gods might require an animal’s blood in order to grant the rains to come. If you have skin disease you could digest a Lion’s liver- be careful though hat same liver is used to poison rival tribe members. Snakes are beheaded so that the venom from their fangs could coat an arrow tip or two, by the Mbuti pygmies of the West Uganda and East Congo. The seals on the eastern coastline of North America are culled at a number of 180,000 a year. These seals are clubbed to death for designer purse manufacturing companies. Fishermen in the area are frustrated by the vast number of seals eating or scaring the fish away. E xtinction! This is the obvious effect of poaching, however there are other effects. Diseases, and the disruption of the animal’s social abilities; especially in the African elephant. The elephants that are most sought after are the ones with the longest tusks. Those elephants are typically the longest living female matriarchs. Elephants are very social creatures and weave a very tight bond with each other. Matriarch elephants are the glue of that social bond, they are the leaders, and are relied upon by the rest of the herd for keeping the family together. When a matriarch elephant is killed for her tusks, her youngest offspring typically died along with her. The older sisters of the heard were left orphaned and either ended up rooming alone or eventually began bonding with another herd. The eating of the bush meat and of the primates in the African Congo is believed to have brought about the Ebola virus. The people who eat or have eaten from the monkeys, and gorilla contracted the virus and then passed it on to other human beings. An outbreak of Anthrax in 2000 is thought to be linked to the eating of infected animals that were being transported from Queen Elizabeth National Park In Uganda alone the population of the elephant, Rhino, and Hippopotamus have dwindled down to either near extinction or extinction, over the past 40 years. The elephant in Uganda in the 1960’s was over 30,000. Today the elephants number at just above 2,400; with a slow increase. The white and black Rhino went from around 350 each to extinct in the past 4 decades. Hippopotamus are the strongest of the three there numbers went from 26,000 to 5,300 again with a slow increase. These numbers are on the slow increase only due to recent legislation and organizations working together to stop the abuse of these animals. There are many organizations who are working with numerous countries across the globe to stop or at least control the amount of poaching or trade of animal products. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, (CITES) is one organization that works closely with the World Wildlife Fund, (WWF) to bring awareness and legislation to the countries of the world in order to stop poaching. CITES is the biggest and most respected wildlife conservation agreement in the world. The primary purpose for CITES is to combat the threat to animals and plants who are close to extinction from the international wildlife trade. Every three years parties from countries across the world gather at what is called CoPs, a convention hosted by the WWF and CITES. At the CoPs the participating countries review the articles outlined in the CITES; and decisions are made determining what species should be placed on, or taken off of the Appendices. The animals and plants that are on these appendices are basically outlawed from being used in wildlife trade. In March of 2010 CoP15 was held and the discussion over elephants and ivory dominated the convention. Countries who were home to the African elephant agreed on suspending the trading of ivory for nine years. Although stocks of ivory that were registered before January 31, 2007 were allowed to be sold to specified trading partner countries, such as Japan. The ivory being sold has to be from registered stocks that came from elephants that were dying or had died from natural causes. These stocks are also owned by the governments of the countries themselves. Proceeds from the selling of this ivory will be invested into the conservation and repopulation of the African elephant. The act of poaching over the years has increased and decreased mostly depending on the demand for items that contain the skins, tusks or appeal to the appetite of consumers. As stated above the costs of the lives of these animals are a high price. Not only for the animals that are close to dying out completely; to our own health from ingesting the diseases that these animals carry. Thankfully there are organizations and people who care enough for these animals to write laws and agreements to help stop this unnecessary and unregulated act. References Gobush, Kathleen. (? ). The Effects of Poaching on African Elephants. Retrieved from http://conservationbiology. net/research-programs/effects-of-poaching-on-african-elephants/ Humane Society of the United States. (2009). Elephant Poaching and Ivory Seizures. Retrieved from http://www. hsus. org/wildlife/issues_facing_wildlife/wildlife_trade/elephant_trade_fact_sheet/elephant_poaching_and_ivory_seizures/ Magelah, Peter. (Oct. 5, 2007). Poaching. Retrieved from http://www. eoearth. org/article/Poaching World Wildlife Fund. (2010). CITES- The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Retrieved from http://www. worldwildlife. org/what/globalmarkets/wildlifetrade/cites. html

Unitary and Pluralism

Unitary and Pluralism Introduction The following essay will look into the two main perspectives of industrial relations that is the unitary and pluralism. The essay will also delve into the recent adaptations of these approaches which are the human resource adaptation and the neo institutionalism, and what these approaches advocate. The final aspect of this essay will look into the conflict and cooperation situations that arise because of these perspectives. Industrial relation refers to the payment and the working conditions set by the employer or the employee. It is how the labour and the industry interact based on two traditional approaches namely the Unitarian approach and the Pluralist approach. Unitary approach The Unitary perspective is based on the view that the organization is a harmonious place, which exists for the achievement of common objectives. It assumes that the employees and the organizations have similar objectives, which are congruent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sa mple on Unitary and Pluralism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The perspective also reinforces the fact that management’s contribution to the organization is critical. This is because the management need to provide strong leadership and show the direction where the organization should follow (Davenport, 1998). This approach is based on the premise that employee loyalty to the management and organization objectives is very important. Therefore, employee loyalty is critical to the performance of the organization. In addition, this approach assumes that the employer employee conflicts need to be minimal as the objectives are clear. Everyone in the organization is working towards those objectives, and therefore conflict can only be a consequence of poor communication especially on the employee side. The communication failure is because the employee has not understood instructions. This perspective also views the labour unions as competing entities, which compete for employees’ loyalty and commitment (Ehrenberg, 1994). The approach was viewed as industry oriented and tended to favour the employer more than the employee. This caused misunderstanding between labour and the industry due to these conflicts. It also led to low level of trust between the employee and the employer especially due to their unexpressed conflicting interests, which were not in line with the mutual objectives (Ehrenberg, 1994). This view received criticism for its inability to solve industrial conflicts that arise due to its narrow approach to conflict. It tends to deny and ignore conflict that reduces the organizations effectiveness. It does not explain the reasons why there is unequal dissemination of powers between the employers and the employee. This makes the approach to fail in many modern organizations (Eldridge, 1974). The Human Resource approach is a modification or an adaptability of the unitary approach towards industrial relat ions as it focuses on the management of industrial relations from the employers’ perspective rather than from the employees’ perspective. It focuses on the chief activities of the management in human resource management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It describes the activities of management as those of planning and predicting the needed workforce by the organization. This is important as it enables the managers to formulate job descriptions based on job analysis, the kind of skills they need as well as quality of workers and their responsibility in the organization. The work of the employer or the management in an industry involves recruiting and selection of the workers. Training and managing workers is the responsibility of management as per the human resource perspective. Rewarding and dismissing employees is another role of the managers as part of human resource management (Ehrenberg, 1994). The human resource management approach The human resource management approach has two approaches. The first approach is the Soft HRM approach. This approach holds the perspective that there is need for employees motivation and that the employees function as individuals. This means that the approach looks for different ways of meeting the employees’ demands and goals. It also accepts the need for employee motivation, which is very important due to its effect on employee performance. Poor motivation leads to poor performance of employees leading to low productivity. It also looks for ways of increasing employee commitment and loyalty as it recognises the need to have committed employees for the long-term benefit of the organization. Employee satisfaction also features in these approaches because there is a close relationship between employee satisfaction and employee commitment to the organization. Fostering employee satisfaction automatically leads to employee loyalty and commitment. The hard HRM perspective on the other hand is a perspective, which views the employee as a separate business resource whose role is to assist in the achievement of the organizational goals and objectives. This approach does not factor in issues of employee loyalty or commitment. The decisions on HR strategy base themselves on the cost and benefit analysis where the job or work rewards as per its ability to meet certain needs or eliminate unnecessary cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unitary and Pluralism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pluralist approach The other perspective is that of Pluralist approach. This approach has the view that people within an organization are different with different goals and pursuits. It is based on the assumption that power is evenly distributed between the employer and the employees to the extent that no part of the organi zation dominates the other (Deal, 1982). This perspective also incorporates the view that the state is the arbitrator of the two parties when conflicts arise. The state is the guardian of the interests of the public or the workers and that it should work to ensure that, the strong do not exploit the weak in the society. The weak in this case are the vulnerable employees who depend on their employers for their sustenance. This perspective also advocated that the employers should not expect blind obedience from the employees as the employees had their own ideas, goals, and pursuits which are different from those of the employers. This meant that conflicts could arise as these ideas and interests would be in conflict many times. To avoid these conflicts the employers as well as the management role are to ensure that they reconcile the conflicting ideas and perception for the attainment of harmonious industrial relations (Deal, 1982). This pluralist approach also views the labour unions as the one with the right and the capability to represent the employee because it is a union with collective support of all employees. It therefore has more bargaining power than what a single employee can bargain. These views give the labour unions the right to challenge the managing aspect of the organization (Deal, 1982). Pluralism has also received criticism especially on its view that power is evenly distributed. The actual sense or the reality in most organizations is that power is not evenly distributed but the management have more power than the employees. This enables them to make arbitrary decisions that may not be in employees favour. The emphasis on rational approach towards conflict resolution has also received criticism, as it is a part of managerial aspect to contain employees through rational reasoning as to why the conditions may not improve due to increased costs of production or low profitability.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Neo institutionalism approach Neo institutionalism is the other modern approach to industrial relations. This approach seeks to ensure that the organization has rules and procedures that enhance the organizations operations. These rules and regulations divide into two parts. There are the formal rules or written rules that describe what ought to happen in the organization, the role, and the responsibility of every employee. Then there is the procedural rule that describe the procedure or the mechanisms that ought to be followed in particular activity within the organization (Deal, 1982). Explanation on conflict and cooperation from the above perspectives These perspectives are critical in ensuring that there is a proper balance in the operations of organization. The perspective that has generated many conflicts is the unitary approach with employees dissatisfied due to assumption of their opinions and ideas by the organization. There was expectation that the employer need to be loya l and committed to the organization goals at the expense of the employees’ personal pursuits. The employer who wielded much power than the employee sacked those who opposed this perspective. However, with the emergence of the service sector in Australia most of the employees in such manufacturing setting opted out of such employment. The employers thereby adapted to the Human Resource management approach as it helped them to deal with the employees individually rather than collectively (Delaney, 2006). The pluralist system on the other hand sought to empower the employee by ensuring that they use their collective power to improve their working conditions. This approach advocated for the labour unions that negotiated for the employees. When disputes arose, the government acted as the arbitrator by reconciling the conflicting parties and looking for a solution. This conflict resolution mechanism enabled both the employer and the employee to have cordial relationships (Deal, 198 2). However, this made the labour unions to be powerful for both the government and private organizations. The government in an attempt to contain the labour unions and their immense influence in the labour market has accepted that an individual employee can negotiate for his or her own employment terms without the need for belonging to the union. The employers on the other hand are opting for casual labourers or other flexible source of labour that matches the demand of their products. This has led to increase in casual employment as compared to the permanent employment. Contractual form of employment has also gained popularity in Australia (Davenport, 1998). The government has evolved from being an arbitrator. Realizing the power of the trade unions in negotiations, it has ensured the curtailing of their influence by segmenting the unions through allowing as many unions as possible within an industry or a company. Due to this waning influence, many employees prefer to stay out of the unions and handle the disputes personally. Conclusion Industrial relations are an important aspect of management. The perspective that a specific organization adopts in its industrial relations has a lot of effect on the labour as well as the efficiency and profitability of the organization. References Davenport, T. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Deal, K. (1982). Corporate cultures. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. Delaney, J. (2006). The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 949–69. Ehrenberg, S. (1994). Modern labour economics. New York: Harper Collins. Eldridge, J. (1974). The sociology of organizations. London: Allen Unpin.

The current level of government regulation of business is detrimental Term Paper

The current level of government regulation of business is detrimental to our economy - Term Paper Example It was the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century that was the start of modern business organizations. The principles of business have been the same over the years - the availability of land, labor, capital and management. Among the factors of the production, capital has become the most important as the other factors are dependent on it. The capital and the management lead to the concept of Capitalism. Capitalism is the process of earning a living with the use of capital. The era of the capitalism is prominent in the growth of business over the years. It has been present since medieval times. In earlier stages of human history, people were nomadic in nature and they relied on agriculture. However, even at that time, the society consisted of businessmen of various classes and there were signs of business activity. Industrial Revolution, of the nineteenth century, aided the growth of the private business bodies and this helped in the development of economy. In some cases like that i n China and Russia, the capitalism was state controlled and the Government controlled the economic activities of the state. Throughout the stages of the economic development, the governing bodies of the society have maintained some sort of control over the growth of business. In early days, kings and the chiefs had the governing power. The economic activities and business needed their permission. Then came democracy, here the onus fell on governments of the respective countries to control the business activities. In some cases, governmental control has aided the development of the business, while on the other hand it has blocked the natural path of development. As the governmental system strengthened, judicial system developed to further defend the interest of businesses and their stake holders. This helped in the formation of rules and regulations, which were to be followed by the business organizations. The setting up of the rules and regulations paved the way for a more disciplined approach to the setting up of the business. However, there have been complaints that too many rules and regulations gover n business organizations, which is detrimental to the natural growth of the business organizations. Indirectly, this also affects the rate of growth at which the economies grow. Thus, it can be said that the current level of government regulation of business is detrimental to our economy. (Graf, 2003: 1-8) The concept of Regulation The regulation of the business activities has been a problem from the beginning of time. These were the times when the leaders of the tribe or the kings controlled the people and business activity of their dominion. The next stage was of colonialism, the kings of the countries regulated the activities of the business. In the case of USA, the regulation of the business activities started with the advent of colonialism. The Europeans descended the USA and set up colonies in the region. The Government of the respective countries controlled the colonies. The business activities followed the trajectory of that in Europe where guilds were formed to control the business activities. These were formed to protect the people from exploitation of the authority. There were two different types of guilds in the medieval age - merchant guild and the craft guild. The merchant guild was

Analysis if financial perfomance of Wholefoods Market Essay

Analysis if financial perfomance of Wholefoods Market - Essay Example A critical analysis of the financial performance of this organisation shows that despite market forces such as competition, this organisation is performing relatively well given that it has managed to record a steady increase in its profits over a five year period from 2006 to 2010. Against this background, it has been recommended that it is safe for investors to invest in this company given that there are positive indications of positive growth which lowers the chances of risk in the event of unprecedented forces impacting negatively on the economy. 1.0 Introduction According to the World Book Encyclopaedia (2008), a stock is a right to ownership in a corporation. The stakeholders buy shares and they can sell them for a profit in market places called stock exchanges. The financial performance of a listed company is influenced by various factors. As such, this report seeks to critically analyse the financial performance of Whole Foods Market which is a listed on the New York Stock Ex change. The report starts by outlining the historical background of the company as well as the factors that can affect its operations. This section is followed by a critical analysis of the organisation’s financial performance during the 2006 to 2010 fiscal years. Recommendations are given at the end of the report in order to establish if it is feasible for the investors to buy shares in this particular Company. 2.0 Historical background of Whole Foods Market According to its official website, Whole Foods Market was founded in Austin, Texas as a natural foods industry. It specifically focused in offering organic foods in a bid to promote health among the consumers. It was established in 1980 and grew through acquisitions to become a force to reckon with in the organic food segment of the market. This company is regarded as the world’s leading natural and organic foods supermarket in America as well as other parts in the globe. The company completed its initial public o ffering in January 1992 and it trades its common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol WFMI. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and its mission is â€Å"to promote the vitality and well being of all the individuals by supplying the highest quality, most wholesome foods available.† The mission of the company is primarily concerned with developing organic foods, food safety concerns as well as sustainability of the entire ecosystem. There is growing concern to preserve the environment against the backdrop of rising cases of global warming and other issues related to health of the human beings. This company has managed to lead the organic food industry in the US since its inception about 30 years ago as a result of the fact that it has remained uniquely mission driven. 3.0 Market analysis Like any other industry, this company operates in an e competitive market where there are different players as well. The competitors for this company inclu de local, regional as well as international