10 Worst Computer Viruses of All Time Free Essays

string(36) Onel de Guzman of the Philippines. 10 Worst Computer Viruses of All Time Computer infections can be a bad dream. Some can clear out the data on a hard drive, hold up traffic on a PC arrange for a considerable length of time, transform a blameless machine into a zombie and recreate and send themselves to different PCs. In the event that you’ve never had a machine succumb to a PC infection, you may consider what the complain is about. We will compose a custom article test on 10 Worst Computer Viruses of All Time or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Be that as it may, the worry is justifiable †as indicated by Consumer Reports, PC infections added to $8. 5 billion in buyer misfortunes in 2008 [source: MarketWatch]. PC infections are only one sort of online danger, however they’re seemingly the most popular of the bundle. PC infections have been around for a long time. Indeed, in 1949, a researcher named John von Neumann speculated that a self-reproduced program was conceivable [source: Krebs]. The PC business wasn’t even 10 years old, and as of now somebody had made sense of how to mess up the metaphorical riggings. Be that as it may, it took a couple of decades before software engineers known as programmers manufactured PC infections. While a few pranksters made infection like projects for huge PC frameworks, it was actually the presentation of the PC that brought PC infections to the public’s consideration. A doctoral understudy named Fred Cohen was simply the first to depict recreating programs intended to change PCs as infections. The name has stuck from that point onward. |Old-school Viruses | |Some of the most punctual infections to contaminate PCs incorporated the Apple Viruses, which assaulted Apple II PCs | |and the Brain infection, which could taint PCs. | In past times worth remembering (I. e. , the mid 1980s), infections relied upon people to accomplish the difficult work of spreading the infection to different PCs. A programmer would spare the infection to circles and afterward disperse the plates to others. It wasn’t until modems became normal that infection transmission turned into a genuine issue. Today when we think about a PC infection, we for the most part envision something that transmits itself by means of the Internet. It may taint PCs through email messages or debased Web joins. Projects like these can spread a lot quicker than the soonest PC infections. We’re going to investigate 10 of the most noticeably awful PC infections to disable a PC framework. Let’s start with the Melissa infection. Most noticeably awful Computer Virus 10: Melissa In the spring of 1999, a man named David L. Smith made a PC infection dependent on a Microsoft Word large scale. He manufactured the infection with the goal that it could spread through email messages. Smith named the infection â€Å"Melissa,† saying that he named it after an intriguing artist from Florida [source: CNN]. [pic] Daniel Hulshizer/AFP/Getty Images A court photograph of David L. Smith, the supposed maker of the Melissa infection. Instead of shaking its moneymaker, the Melissa PC infection entices beneficiaries into opening a report with an email message like â€Å"Here is that record you requested, don’t demonstrate it to any other individual. † Once initiated, the infection repeats itself and sends itself out to the main 50 individuals in the recipient’s email address book. The infection spread quickly after Smith released it on the world. The United States government turned out to be keen on Smith’s work †as per proclamations made by FBI authorities to Congress, the Melissa infection â€Å"wreaked destruction on government and private area networks† [source: FBI]. The expansion in email traffic constrained a few organizations to cease email programs until the infection was contained. After a long preliminary procedure, Smith lost his case and got a 20-month prison sentence. The court additionally fined Smith $5,000 and restricted him from getting to PC systems without court approval [source: BBC]. Eventually, the Melissa infection didn’t cripple the Internet, however it was one of the main PC infections to get the public’s consideration. Kinds of Viruses In this article, we’ll take a gander at a few various types of PC infections. Here’s a fast manual for what we’ll see: †¢ The general term PC infection as a rule covers programs that adjust how a PC functions (counting harming the PC) and can self-repeat. A genuine PC infection requires a host program to run appropriately †Melissa utilized a Word archive. †¢ A worm, then again, doesn’t require a host program. It’s an application that can duplicate itself and send itself through PC systems. †¢ Trojan ponies are programs that guarantee to do a certain something yet truly do another. Some may harm a victim’s hard drive. Others can make a secondary passage, permitting a remote client to get to the victim’s PC framework. Next, we’ll take a gander at an infection that had a sweet name however an awful impact on its casualties. Most exceedingly awful Computer Virus 9: ILOVEYOU A year after the Melissa infection hit the Internet, an advanced danger rose up out of the Philippines. In contrast to the Melissa infection, this danger came as a worm †it was an independent program equipped for reproducing itself. It bore the name ILOVEYOU. [pic] Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images A screen capture of the ILOVEYOU PC infection The ILOVEYOU infection at first ventured to every part of the Internet by email, much the same as the Melissa infection. The subject of the email said that the message was an affection letter from a mystery admirer. A connection in the email was what raised all the ruckus. The first worm had the document name of LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU. TXT. vbs. The vbs expansion highlighted the language the programmer used to make the worm: Visual Basic Scripting [source: McAfee]. As indicated by hostile to infection programming maker McAfee, the ILOVEYOU infection had a wide scope of assaults: †¢ It duplicated itself a few times and shrouded the duplicates in a few organizers on the victim’s hard drive. †¢ It added new records to the victim’s library keys. †¢ It supplanted a few various types of documents with duplicates of itself. †¢ It sent itself through Internet Relay Chat customers just as email. †¢ It downloaded a record called WIN-BUGSFIX. EXE from the Internet and executed it. As opposed to fix bugs, this program was a secret key taking application that messaged mystery data to the hacker’s email address. Who made the ILOVEYOU infection? Some think it was Onel de Guzman of the Philippines. You read 10 Worst Computer Viruses of All Time in class Article models Filipino specialists explored de Guzman on charges of burglary †at the time the Philippines had no PC secret activities or damage laws. Refering to an absence of proof, the Filipino specialists dropped the charges against de Guzman, who might neither affirm nor reject his obligation for the infection. As per a few gauges, the ILOVEYOU infection caused $10 billion in harms [source: Landler]. Gotcha! As though infections, worms and Trojan ponies weren’t enough, we additionally need to stress over infection tricks. These are phony infections †they don’t really cause any damage or repeat themselves. Rather, the makers of these infections trust that individuals and media organizations treat the scam as though it were the genuine article. Despite the fact that these deceptions aren’t promptly hazardous, they are as yet an issue. Like the kid who falsely sounded the alarm, deception infections can make individuals disregard alerts about genuine dangers. Presently that the affection fest is finished, let’s investigate one of the most far reaching infections to hit the Web. Most exceedingly terrible Computer Virus 8: The Klez Virus [pic] Joe Raedle/Getty Images Fortunately for shoppers, there’s no lack of antivirus programming suites available. The Klez infection denoted another course for PC infections, setting the bar high for those that would follow. It appeared in late 2001, and varieties of the infection tormented the Internet for a while. The essential Klez worm contaminated a victim’s PC through an email message, repeated itself and afterward sent itself to individuals in the victim’s address book. A few varieties of the Klez infection conveyed other hurtful projects that could render a victim’s PC inoperable. Contingent upon the adaptation, the Klez infection could act like an ordinary PC infection, a worm or a Trojan pony. It could even incapacitate infection filtering programming and posture as an infection evacuation instrument [source: Symantec]. Not long after it showed up on the Internet, programmers adjusted the Klez infection such that made it unmistakably progressively powerful. Like different infections, it could search over a victim’s address book and send itself to contacts. In any case, it could likewise take another name from the contact rundown and spot that address in the â€Å"From† field in the email customer. It’s called caricaturing †the email seems to originate from one source when it’s truly originating from elsewhere. Mocking an email address achieves two or three objectives. For a certain something, it doesn’t do the beneficiary of the email any great to obstruct the individual in the â€Å"From† field, since the messages are truly originating from another person. A Klez worm customized to spam individuals with various messages could obstruct an inbox quite expeditiously, in light of the fact that the beneficiaries would be not able to determine what the genuine wellspring of the issue was. Likewise, the e-mail’s beneficiary may perceive the name in the â€Å"From† field and along these lines be progressively responsive to opening it. Antivirus Software It’s critical to have an antivirus program on your PC, and to stay up with the latest. Yet, you shouldn’t utilize more than one suite, as numerous antivirus projects can meddle with each other. Here’s a rundown of some antivirus programming suites: †¢ Avast Antivirus †¢ AVG Anti-Virus †¢ Kaspersky Anti-Virus †¢ McAf

Changeling: Film Techniques and Son Essay

Changeling is a 2008 motivating movie coordinated by Clint Eastwood. It depends on an American show known as the â€Å"Wineville Chicken Coop†. Christine Collins, played by Angelina Jolie, is a single parent during the 1920s whose child strangely disappears. The film goes on an excursion with Collins driving her to find the corruptness of the Los Angeles Police Department. In spite of the fact that the film fuses different plots, the principle account spins around Christine Collins and her unbreakable soul as she endeavors to unravel the secret of the abducting of her child. The topic of the film is that through an appalling disaster, a triumphant achievement can come out of it. Moreover, it shows that expectation and love can conquer all agony and languishing. It is a result of the film’s utilization of cinematography, altering, camera development, structure and generally speaking mise en scã ¨ne that the topic of the film is obviously spoken to. The initial grouping of the film gives huge data about the setting and the account. This is cultivated with the utilization of building up shots. The film starts with a dark setting and plays non-diegetic music. The moderate beat music gave by metal instruments gives the film a feeling of a mysterious impact. Accordingly, we get a dream of what class this film could be. The music additionally helps trigger strain and worry from the crowd. Other than the music, a tear on the dark setting is appeared, implying to a pitiful, dramatization classification. A blur in then brings us into an about dark, practically white building up shot of the city of Los Angeles. The date and area of the shot are given at the focal point of the screen as â€Å"Los Angeles. Walk 8, 1928.† With respect to cinematography, the absence of shading that is given educates us that the story happens in the past when everything was introduced on TVs clearly. This happened during the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which likewise clarifies the instrumental music that is playing during the initial succession. The cinematography furthermore shows a significant part of the California setting and time in which the film happens. The high point camera starts in the sky and descends towards the traffic, individuals, and different articles which make up the setting. The creation set incorporates antiquated vehicles, palm trees, milk trucks, and the unmistakable vintage look of California during the 1920s. As the initial succession becomes dull, we are shipped to the primary scene of the film into a house by a camera container. Collins is out of nowhere stirred by her caution and afterward awakens her child Walter. The utilization of light and shadowing in this scene was very obvious. It indicated the delight and love between the mother and child during this scene before a shocking hijacking occurred. As the sun was sparkling splendidly through the window and mother and child were grinning, we figure out the cozy relationship they have for one another and their unqualified love. During this scene, the camera edges likewise indicated the caring relationship the them two shared. A prime model is when Walter admired his mom with an upward camera point demonstrating his profound respect for his mom. While Christine took a gander at Walter with a descending camera point to give her appreciation for her son. The trading of discourse between the characters happens straightaway, which likewise invigorates us a feeling of the of their association. We at that point see the mother and child leaving a streetcar while the camera flawlessly surrounds their incredibly together. A great deal of confining by windows and entryways is appeared in the film. One model is after the mother and child leave the streetcar and remain by the school. The camera remains in the streetcar and the two figures are superbly confined by the streetcar window. This is done to make a sentiment of disconnection or depression. The crowd is along these lines not let into a ton of individual minutes like the one outside of the school which makes the crowd wonder how the primary character is feeling. The last piece of the scene before her child is hijacked happens when Collins is getting ready to leave for work. This specific second is heightened by the emotional camera development. Collins solidly remains outside the house as her child looks from the window. As she gradually leaves, the camera follows her and pulls from the house. From that particular second i n the film, that shot would anticipate the division the mother and child would before long face. The following scene is when Christine goes into the house and finds that her child is abruptly absent. The lighting in the house is dull and miserable, which depicts how Collins is feeling at that point. The camera at that point takes an omniscient view when we watch the high edge camera show Collins looking the house for her child. The void of not just her home is spoken to with this point yet in addition how she is feeling at that point when she discovers that her child is absent. As she calls the police to report the vanishing of her kid, the camera takes on the omniscient view by and by. The camera is put directly over her ear in which the beneficiary is held against. This edge is done to give an impression of somebody watching Collins decide. We discover that the specialists can't do anything inside the 24-hour window edge of his grabbing and this foretells the police department’s failure in helping Ms. Collins’ discover her child. The following essential scene is when Collins talks at a gathering tending to the media about the occasions concerning her child. In this particular scene the climate is wet and horrid and hence, the lighting and shading looks accommodating and cold. The utilization of surrounding lighting in a tough situation Collins is experiencing and the misfortune she is feeling attempting to persuade the specialists that the kid who was given to her isn't her child. The shading is a blue tone which represents a hopeless state of mind. In spite of the fact that the utilization of encompassing lighting in the start of the film when Collins was with her child gave a delicate and complimentary impact, it continuously changed to an increasingly unflattering impact as the film unfurled. Altering during this scene included a coordinated cut. First we see Christine and afterward the camera shows various perspectives on the activity around her. This altering procedure was utilized to give a feeling of progression and to feature this significant occasion in her life when she tells society that the Los Angeles Police Department was not carrying out their responsibility appropriately in finding her child. Another scene that consolidates many film components is the scene in the police headquarters when Collins keeps on argueing that the kid the specialists provided for her isn't her child. During this scene the lighting was by and by dinky and it was in any event, coming down. The casing was situated by a window and however you were unable to see the downpour, you could see the shadows of it dribbling on the divider. All through a significant part of the film and this scene, downpour was another image of the depression Collins was experiencing at that point. The lead acting job of Angelina Jolie in this scene included a great deal of utilization of non-verbal communication and articulation. She held her hands to her head demonstrating the dissatisfaction she was feeling and that she could no longer keep her feelings packaged up inside. What's more, all through a significant part of the film, her feelings are not covered up and are shown for amusement, however they are utilized to incite compassion in the crowd. The utilization of close up shots in this scene was likewise perceptible to imply the dread and uneasiness Collins was feeling. While the long shots were utilized to indicate the sentiment of depression and partition. The key light in this scene was additionally appeared over the police to show female debilitation. During these occasions, females didn't have indistinguishable rights from men and it was obviously spoken to in the film through lighting. A model would be the point at which a cop would stroll into the room, the room would out of nowhere seem darker and this indicated the strength they had over Collins. The following huge scene is when Christine is conceded in the psychopathic ward by the experts for tenaciously denying that the kid who was offered back to her was not her child. The scene was dark and it was probably the absolute bottom in her life. In any case, when she thought of her child during a positive line of reasoning, the sun would out of nowhere show up and the room would get more brilliant. This lighting decision represented her expectation and that she could never surrender since she felt her child was as yet alive. All through a considerable lot of these significant minutes an altering decision of flashbacking was made to surprise the crowd. One specific flashback happened to show various plots going on when the scene would all of a sudden travel to a farm where all the young men were kept and the sequential executioner was going to pick one to murder. This choice by the proofreader and the chief gave the crowd a brutal synchronous perspective on the battles Collins was experiencing and the disaster these honest young men were experiencing. During this flashback there was likewise utilization of an inclined point wherein shows a situation of a farm where a man is exiting with a weapon in his grasp. This inclined edge mirrors the lack of definition of the occasion as a young man (Walter, Collins’ child) is seen fleeing from him. A hand-held camera development is then used to follow the young man running. This is utilized to cause the crowd to feel the point of view of the individual pursuing him, which thus causes the kid to appear to be significantly increasingly unprotected. The last striking scenes that utilization film components in which show the suffering nature of Collins is the scene at the jail and the absolute last scene when a feeling of conclusion has at last come. At the point when Collins has a private gathering with the sequential executioner to question him about the murdering of her child, the room is exceptionally dull however the key light is on Jolie. It is fascinating to perceive how the lighting transformed from the gathering with the specialists to this gathering since they no longer ha

Im just curious as to why you keep invoking William Faulkner.

Im just curious as to why you keep invoking William Faulkner. I had not the greatest week, but tune in tomorrow for my misadventures with the reply-to-all feature and otherwise I dont want to destroy the organic unity of this entry. Anyway, in the midst of this not the greatest week, I was thinking about limericks, which of course led me to thinking about quiz bowl. I was thinking about how much fun I had doing quiz bowl in high school, even though Im not on the MIT College Bowl team or anything. Do you do quiz bowl? If so, here are the three most important things you should remember for quiz bowl competitions: 1. Beethoven wrote only one opera, and it was called Fidelio. 2. Nearly all of the work of William Faulkner is set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. 3. The third-largest city in Ireland is called Limerick. and why was I thinking about limericks today? Well, I saw this stray piece of graffiti on a chalkboard as I was walking through building 56. Get it? The integral of z squared dz From one to the cube root of three All times the cosine Of three pi oer nine Equals ln of the cube root of e. When I was at home, my friend Ben asked me if everybody at MIT would understand the E/c^2 sqrt(-1) PV/nR shirt. I was just about ready to say, Oh, not everyone, were not that stereotypical but then I gave it a few seconds of thought and concluded, with some surprise, Uh yeah, I think so. Dont worry, youve still got time to learn.

A Guide to Plankton

Plankton is a general term for the floaters, the organisms in the ocean that drift with the currents. This includes zooplankton (animal plankton), phytoplankton (plankton that is capable of photosynthesis), and bacterioplankton (bacteria). Origin of the Word Plankton The word plankton comes from the Greek word planktos, which means wanderer or drifter. Plankton is the plural form. The singular form is plankter. Can Plankton Move? Plankton are at the mercy of the wind and the waves, but not all are completely immobile. Some types of plankton can swim, but only weakly or vertically in the water column. And not all plankton are tiny - jellyfish (sea jellies) are considered plankton. Types of Plankton Some marine life goes through a planktonic stage (called meroplankton) before they become free-swimming. Once they can swim on their own, they are classified as nekton. Examples of animals that have a meroplankton stage are corals, sea stars (starfish), mussels and lobster. Holoplankton are organisms that are plankton their entire lives. Examples include diatoms, dinoflagellates, salps, and krill. Plankton Size Groups Although most people think of plankton as microscopic animals, there are larger plankton. With their limited swimming capability, jellyfish are often referred to as the largest type of plankton. In addition to being categorized by life stages, plankton can be categorized into different groups based on size. These groups include: Femtoplankton - Organisms under 0.2 micrometers in size, e.g., virusesPicoplankton - Organisms 0.2 micrometer to 2 micrometers, e.g., bacteriaNanoplankton - Organisms 2-20 micrometers, e.g. phytoplankton and small zooplanktonMicroplankton - Organisms 20-200 micrometers, e.g., phytoplankton and small zooplanktonMesoplankton - Organisms 200 micrometers to 2 centimeters, e.g., phytoplankton and zooplankton such as copepods. At this size, the plankton are visible to the naked eye.Macroplankton - Organisms 2 centimeters to 20 centimeters, e.g., like ctenophores, salps, and amphipods.Megaplankton - Organisms over 20 centimeters, like jellyfish, ctenophores, and amphipods. The categories for the smallest plankton sizes were needed more recently than some others. It wasnt until the late 1970s that scientists had the equipment available to help them see the great number of planktonic bacteria and viruses in the ocean. Plankton and the Food Chain A plankton species place in the food chain depends on what type of plankton it is. Phytoplankton are autotrophs, so they make their own food and are producers. They are eaten by zooplankton, which are consumers.   Where Do Plankton Live? Plankton live in both freshwater and marine environments. Those that live in the ocean are found in both coastal and pelagic zones, and in a range of water temperatures, from tropical to polar waters. Plankton, As Used in a Sentence The copepod is a type of zooplankton and is a primary food for right whales. References and Further Information: Australian Museum. What Is Plankton?  Accessed October 31, 2015.Bigelow Laboratory. Cycling Through the Food Web.  Accessed October 31, 2015.Microbial Grazers Lab 404 404 404. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. Accessed October 31, 2015.

How Technology Has Impacted Student Learning Essay

My Technology PGE has significantly impacted student learning. It has expanded students’ knowledge base across subject areas. Students and former students are creating Quizlet study sets for other high school and post-secondary courses. Students are using PaperRater to proofread writing, to avoid these errors in the future, and improving their written vocabulary. Students continue to utilize this website to check and to improve their papers throughout high school and college. Because of the Remind messaging, my students complete homework more consistently and spend more time studying for tests. My students are more comfortable working in an online environment. By the time they take their state test online, most express more confidence in their ability to perform well. Using the online features of the High School Financial Planning Program, my students are thinking earlier about life after high school and how financial decisions affect their post-graduation plans. They are lear ning to plan for financial emergencies and to avoid traps like credit card debt and payday loans. My enhanced use of the SMART Board keeps my students more engaged visually and kinesthetically, and they retain the information longer. When parents have online access to student information including grades, attendance, and discipline, they form a support system with the school that enhances student learning. One challenge related to technology is the lack of equal access to computers. To address this, IShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Impacted Students And Teachers Learning Schedules, Skills, And Capabilities906 Words   |  4 Pagesthe technology revolution started educational leaders believed that it was necessary to improve the use of technology in the classroom. They figured they could do this by the implementation of more resources. With technology being added to the classroom comes many benefits and a few downfalls. The main purpose for bringing technology into classrooms is to improve students and teachers learning schedules, skills, and capabilities. Another benefit schools are getting out of the use of technology isRead MoreHow Public Education Affects All People870 Words   |  4 Pageseffects everyone. It all depends on how a person views the education concerns. Everyone wants to solve America’s education issues and it’s essential that we focus on the right things to move forward and offer better opportunities. It’s important that we first focus on how public education impacts all people. It can’t just be what people believe to be true but how it has actually affected their learning and life. In American public education, it aims to help all students achieve the required knowledgeRead MoreThe Societal Influences on the Educational Impact of Students731 Words   |  3 PagesThe societal influences on the educational impact of students are numerous. Two of the most important are income inequality and technology Income inequality and the effects on education have been at the heart of a contentious debate. As researcher Sean Reardon of Stanford University, explained recently in The New York Times: â€Å"We have moved from a society in the 1950s and 1960s, in which race was more consequential than family income, to one today in which family income appears more determinativeRead More Technology in Education Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology in Education Today, if you enter an average elementary classroom you might find a computer cart with twenty or thirty lap tops, all with hook-up to the internet. The teacher usually has either a desk top or lap top computer, sometimes both, for keeping track of important information. Technology has, in many ways, positively impacted the educational field. Michigan has made using technology a necessity. 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Although I am not sure I want to be a literacy specialist, I chose the literacy Mas ter’s Degree program because I wanted to help allRead MoreTechnology Has Impacted Students Writing771 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has advanced tremendously over the years especially in our education systems. Educators are now able to serve multiple people because of technology, having the ability to earn higher level of education online is just one example. There are some opposing sides to the rapid advancement of technology in the classroom. Digital impact in the classroom has impacted students writing. Reflecting back to my first course of this program, I struggle with writing before enrolling in this class butRead MoreMy Professional Growth Experiences And The Related Activities Have Impacted Student Learning1018 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities have impacted student learning in innumerable ways. My growth has directly and indirectly impacted student learning in my classroom through a pedagogical change. I have expanded content knowledge through the process of incorporating technology into my classroom. I have participated in numerous training courses for Promethean Board, iPad/iPod, and Chromebooks; providing the equipment and opportunity for students to learn and become confident users of technology. I have alsoRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Technology on Students855 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Technology on Students Change is constant. Though one may not be able to see the change, one can look back through the course of a year or maybe even a few months and see the change. Technology has transformed with our culture. There are many benefits for students with the new advancements of technology. Teachers have seen many of these benefits with the influence of technology on their students. Many students find a sense of accomplishment when working with technology. Students

The Hunchback in the Park Free Essays

The Hunchback in the Park My life makes me want to run away. I’ve got no place to go. No family, no house, no anything. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunchback in the Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now All wiped out by a fire in 2001. I did not get any money paid out by the insurance company because they said the fire was an â€Å"act of God† caused by a lightning strike, which my insurance did not cover. Since then, I’ve been walking this park, alone and joked about by everyone who walks past me. Now I guess you’re wondering, why don’t I get a job? Why does everyone joke about me? Why do I not ask my family for help? Well, I have been applying for jobs, it’s just that no-one accepts me. I studied hard at school and I got decent grades, but no jobs are available to me. The answer to the second question is something that I just have to live with. During the fire, My face was horribly burned. This, added to the fact that I am short and have a hunchback, makes people fear me and run away or just shout abuse at me. Finally, the answer to the third question is that I simply do not have any. My parents died when I was two years old. I have no aunties, no uncles, nobody. There is one person in my life though. If there is anyone who could be â€Å"that special someone†, it’s her. She’s beautiful. Despite never talking to her, our eyes have met many times and it’s love at first sight. I just wish I could gather up the courage to finally talk to her. It has been a while since I’ve approached a woman without being slapped or ran away from. In fact, it has been a while since I have approached anyone. Any social interaction with the world feels awkward and scary because it has been so long. The only interaction I have with the outside world is through the local children who torment me each day. Each day, I sit on this bench starving. The only meals I eat are leftovers I manage to find in the bin. It is a miracle how I survive. How I have not died from dehydration, starvation or hypothermia is a miracle. I have not had a shower in months. I just wish someone would take me home. Look – there’s the woman! The woman which takes my breath away every time I see her. Maybe she could be the one to take me off the streets. Only if I could gather up the courage to approach her my life would not be as much of a mess and I could get my life moving in the right direction. OK, I’m going to do it this time. I’m going to talk to her! As I get off the bench, I spot the local children! Quick, hide! Those pesky local children are coming. Look at them, with their hoods up; with their phones playing out their angry music; with their hands in the shape of a gun. They make my life hell – even though I don’t provoke them. I can’t run very fast due to my disability (which is my hunchback) so when the children chase me I can not get away. They circle me and torment me. One day, they pushed me over. It hurt and many people seen this, but no-one came to help me. I was shocked that no-one asked me if I was OK, this is one of the reasons I give up on the world. People are selfish and do not care about anyone else. Eventually, the children grew tiresome of mocking me and left – either that or they left because it was getting dark. So, here I am once again. Another lonely night, propped up against a tree, with no-one to hold. No family to wish goodnight. Oh, what I would give to feel loved again. Each day is a recurring nightmare, except I can’t wake up. I’m going to make a promise to myself now, and it is that tomorrow I’m going to try turn my life around. I’m going to apply for a job and I’m going to ask the girl of my dreams to dinner. Oh, how wonderful life could become with those two simple things. â€Å"You! †, the park keeper says, as he pokes me with his pointed stick used for picking up leaves, â€Å"Time to move along. †. So my day begins, and I’m feeling slightly optimistic for once – knowing that today I will be once again attempting to sort out my life. You may be thinking, â€Å"Why do you think this attempt will be any different to your others? †, well I’m not too sure myself. All I know is that today I’m going to come across as a confident individual. I think this is what I have been lacking, but it is hard for me to be confident when I have the likes of those pesky children always tormenting me, insulting me and abusing me. Anyway, the first step in getting back on my feet is to get a job. How to cite The Hunchback in the Park, Essay examples

Who Is The Tragic Hero In Antigone Essay Example For Students

Who Is The Tragic Hero In Antigone Essay AntigoneAntigone did the right thing by defileingCreons strict orders on burying Polynices because the unalterable lawsof the gods and our morals are higher than the blasphemous laws of man. Creon gave strict orders not to bury Polynices because he lead a rebellion,which turned to rout, in Thebes against Creon, their omnipotent king. Antigonecould not bare to watch her brother become consumed by vultures talonsand dogs. Creon finds out that somebody buried Polynices body and sentpeople out to get the person who preformed the burial. Antigone is guiltyand although she is to be wed to Creons son, Haemon. He sentences herto be put in a cave with food and water and let the gods decide what todo with her. He was warned by a blind profit not to do this, but he choosesto anyway, leaving him with a dead son, a dead wife, and self-imposed exile. We will write a custom essay on Who Is The Tragic Hero In Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Antigone had good reasons for her actions. She did obey the rules of her gods, which were that any dead body mustbe given a proper burial, with libatations. This would prevent the soulfrom being lost between worlds forever, along with wine as an offeringto the gods (page 518- side note). Nor could Antigone let Creons edictsgo against her morals (lines 392-394). She chooses to share her love, nother hate (line 443). She couldnt bare to see one family member be chosenover the other because of what a king had decided was right, which shecontravened. Why condemn somebody who stood up for what they believed inand is now dead for it anyway? Bringing homage to the family was very importantto Antigone (line 422-423). The gods laws come before mortal lawsin Antigones point-of-view, which is how I believe also. In death, youwill answer to your god and no man will have control of your fate in theworld that lies hereafter. Therefore by obeying the gods, hopefully, willresult in a happy afterlife, which are what most people strive for in ancienttimes and now. If man does not honor you for noble efforts, your godswill. Antigones act was honorable. She stood up to the highest of powersso she could honor her brother, knowing the consequence would be death. Most likely she figured there is only a certain amount man can do to you,so she might as well stand up for not only her family and beliefs, buther gods as well (lines 377-389).Creon could have easily changed his mind,and there were fair amounts of warning. But his decisions lead him intoan empty life that could have been adverted if only he would have put hispride aside for a while. Simply because he was too egotistical and tootempermental, his son died (line 986) along with his wife (lines 1080-1081),which left him hapless and with a deep sense of deplorable sorrow leadingto self-imposed exile (lines 1119-1126). Antigone, Heamon, and Creons wife allcould have been saved if only one man could have put aside his pride. Itis clear that Antigone is not the one who did the wrong in this story,but Creon.

Raising Young Genii Learning Several Languages in the Early Years

Raising Young Genii Learning Several Languages in the Early Years Introduction: In the Most Tender Age Plunging into the second-language environment can be considered quite a stressful ordeal for a person, no matter how well (s)he can adapt to the new surroundings, with the language issue at the top of all the complexities that may possibly arise. Rather uncomfortable experience for an adult, the given situation should be traumatizing for a child as well, which the necessity to offer the strategies of foreign language mastering in the early years is predetermined with.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Raising Young Genii: Learning Several Languages in the Early Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of the difference in the vision of the world, the pace of the intellectual development and a number of other factors, children display a different attitude towards learning two or more languages as compared to the adults (Nikolov, 2009). However, because of the complexities conne cted with teaching children second foreign language, the arguments against the given issue may arise. Therefore, it is necessary to figure out whether the early foreign languages teaching is reasonable enough, taking into account the existing theories. Multilingualism and Competent Language Learning When speaking of the teaching at the tender age, it is necessary to provide the definition for the given stage of a child’s development and draw the line between the early years and the childhood. In the given case, it would be most reasonable to resort to the definition offered by an early age stretches from the day of birth to the age of three, suggesting that at the given stage, â€Å"there is a gradual development of features that become recognized as ‘adult second language acquisition’ after approximately age 7† (Philp, Oliver and Mackey, 2008, p.27). However, some researchers, like Whitehead (2010), tend to think that the cognized learning takes place at the age from 0 to 7 (p.218). Whet talking about the process of teaching children the foreign language, the competent language learning is to be differentiated from the phenomenon of bi- and multilingualism, since the latter does not presuppose a conscious process and, hence, cannot be considered learning, as Knapp Seidhofer (2009) explain: â€Å"On a societal level, multiculturalism can be defined as the presence of more than one language in the society† (p.54). Taking a Theoretical Approach: Learning the Ideas of the Coryphaei When speaking about the issue of teaching the youngest children foreign languages, one must consider the arguments pro and contra the given idea. Obviously, teaching children of tender age does have its benefits, yet there are considerable difficulties in helping small children master a foreign language. With that in mind, it is necessary to consider several theories concerning the second language teaching tactics as well as the advantages and the dra wbacks that such children possess from the viewpoint of a foreign language teacher. When considering various aspects of teaching children several languages in their earliest years, it would be most reasonable to consider several viewpoints, thus, offering an extensive overview of the existing opinions on the given issue. Since the given question is rather disputable and requires thorough considerations, the versatility of opinions is more than welcomed in the given case.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the first people whose ideas are to be considered is Jerome Bruner. Offering rather specific approach to the given issue, the researcher claimed that the language issue and the family relationships are closely intertwined and are actually interdependent on each other. Therefore, Bruner’s theory correlates with the idea that, together with the language skills, chi ldren obtain the necessary communicational skills that help them reach their top in the society and become its decent members (Harris, 1992). Judging from the notorious example driven by Rymer (1992), people who have not been taught to use the language and the linguistic tools properly are highly unlikely to ever integrate into the society and even survive. Therefore, obtaining the necessary experience from his/her parents, a child also gets the required language skills which are supposed to help him/her in the nearest future and contribute to his/her development: â€Å"As Bruner expresses it, the child’s knowledge of the social context – and especially of the routines that occur with it – assists the child to â€Å"crack the code† of the language that accompanies social interaction† (35). Hence, it is obvious that the scientist intertwines the aspects of learning the language and integrating into the society, thus, broadening the list of the commu nicational skills. Another important idea was offered by Piaget (Beilin Pufall, 1992) and suggested quite a different perception of the role of the language in a child’s development. According to Paiget, Beilin Pufall (1992) claim, children of rather young age demonstrate keen understanding of the linguistic issues that are rather complicated and require thorough explanations to elder children and teenagers. As Beilin Pufall (1992) claim, after the exploration that was held by Piaget, â€Å"the results of the experiments, especially in the production task, showed parallels in the way 6- and 7-year-old children constructed this type of semantic invariance and their construction of quantitative invariants† (219). Claiming that children build certain schemes that allow them to operate the language and use it correctly, the scientist emphasizes the necessity to contribute to the early development of children, enhancing their need to acquire new linguistic knowledge (Bei lin Pufall, 1992). The last, but not the least, the theory that Gardner offers is also worth certain discussions. Basing his ideas on his own vision of the way children develop and the role that language plays in the given process, the author focuses his attention on the multiple aspects of knowledge that learning several languages in childhood presupposes. According to the definition offered by the scientist himself,Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Raising Young Genii: Learning Several Languages in the Early Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I would also like to introduce the concept of an individual-centered school that takes this multifaceted view of intelligence seriously. This model for a school is based in part on findings from sciences that did not even exist in Binet’s time: cognitive sciences (the study of the mind) and neuro-science (the study of the brain). One such approach I have called my â€Å"theory of multiple intelligences.† (Gardner 48) Hence, the last theory is based on the cultural versatility that studying foreign languages offers. Incorporating the three above-mentioned theories, one can offer a synthesis that makes the ultimate proof that studying foreign languages in early age is crucial for the development of a child. Since the learning of foreign languages has the positive impact on the child’s general development and also offers the basis for the future harmonic coexistence with the other nations, studying foreign languages at early age is essential for a child. Fast Learning: The Privilege of Children Despite the skeptical doubts of the people who think that young children too inexperienced to handle the task of learning another langue, some scientists claim that at the young age, most children possess the specific kills that allow them to absorb the specific knowledge instantly without any misconceptions. Caused by the specific way that small children cognize the environment with, it brings astounding results. As Singleton Lengyel (1995) assert, â€Å"there can be no doubt that children at an early age, especially in natural contexts, but also in tutored contexts, can learn and do learn secondary languages† (77). Indeed, studying the second language at the early age has its benefits in terms of the speed and the quality of the studying process. According to what Benson Haith (2009) say, children from 0 to 7 years obviously pass the stage that involves an unbelievable accelerated development, which predetermines the children’s ability to master a foreign language almost instantly: â€Å"The assumption underlying both of those is that the early years constitute, if not a critical period, an important window of opportunity to maximize likelihood of mastering a musical instrument or learning a second language† (p.144). Indeed, considering the behaviorist theory of human development and the fact t hat children tend to copy the people surrounding them with an amazing precision, one can claim that teaching young children the basics of foreign languages can be considered rather sensible idea by â€Å"theoretical questioning of behaviorist theories of language learning†(Ellis, 1990, p.44). In addition, according to Ellis (1990, p.44), a number of other theories approved of teaching children at quite a young age: â€Å"the vast majority of the studies examined either pure naturalistic or mixed L2 acquisition† (1990, p.44).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When reconsidering the significance of teaching children various languages at the earliest stages of their development, the notorious case of Genie, the feral child who is known to be the most striking example of the progressing underdevelopment experienced by a child whose ability to talk has been suppressed and who had no chance to develop their skills for mastering the language since the day they were born. As Rymer (1992) emphasizes, there is a constant urge in developing the language skills within any human being, and the level of mastering the language predetermines the level of self-development. Rymer (1992) explained that â€Å"Investigations of Genies brain unveiled the utter dominance of her spatial right hemisphere over her linguistic left This may have been why she was unable to grasp grammarbecause she was using the wrong equipment† (Rymer, 1992, p.43). Hence, the necessity to develop children’s ability to use various language tools efficiently is crucial for their further mental development. On a Second Thought: Avoiding the Pitfalls It is evident that without the proper development of the linguistic skills and the ability to talk correctly, using the language in the proper way, a child is highly unlikely to develop in a normal way; moreover, the most dreadful consequences, such as the process of mental retardation, the complexities in adapting to the environment and the society that surrounds the given child, and the ability to communicate his/her own needs and wants is inevitable. Moreover, the shift in the mental development of a child is highly unlikely to ever cease and is extremely complicated to fight, which predetermines the necessity to teach children the linguistic skills at rather young age (Bialystok, Luk Kwan, 2005). However, even though the early development of children’s linguistic skills does seem crucial for their further well-being and the ability to adapt to the society and social norms, the question conce rning the reasonability of teaching very young children the second language arises. According to what Rapaport and Westgate (1974) claim, there are no obvious contra-indications for children o be taught foreign languages at the earliest stages of their development. As the scientists assert, when a teacher chooses the right methods for teaching children the skills that will allow them to master a foreign language, such children start developing better and faster, which signifies that they are integrating into the society more quickly than the rest of the children of their age group, which must be a clear-cut evidence that studying a foreign language at the early age is desirable. As Rapaport and Westgate (1974) say, learning the foreign language at early age helps to overcome cultural controversies: There has also been a revival of interest in the â€Å"horizon-broadening aspect,† the notion of a foreign language as a healthy antidote to an otherwise monocultural education of young children. Prejudice derives from ignorance, and in the current world context a wholly ethnocentric view of culture and education has no place. (12) Hence, it cannot be denied that teaching children foreign languages at the early stages of development is crucial for the children’s vision of the world. Offering children studying another language equals to teaching them cultural and ethical tolerance. Therefore, the importance of teaching young children foreign languages cannot be disputed. The Helping Hand of the Professionals: The Analysis Analyzing the above-mentioned approaches towards teaching young children foreign language, one must admit that the reasons of the authoritative sources are quite impressive. According to the evidence provided by the authors of the existing theories of speech development and the significance of foreign language learning, the more languages a child can master, the better. Certainly, no instances of forced foreign language learning should occur, for the child may be reluctant from studying foreign language in the future and even feel aversion towards learning new languages (Bocher, 2003). Nevertheless, it cannot be doubted that the necessity to offer a child to acquire new language skills is quite important for the further development of his/her personality. Moreover, when considering the development of children’s language and communication skills, especially concerning the second language, on must keep in mind that the process of cognizing another culture and another language is rather fragile and requires a delicate approach. As Nolan (2004) warns, â€Å"In school, when children from marginalized discourses are required to produce language, the judgments about their linguistic abilities that (even if unspoken) are already in the classroom serve to undermine their motivation† (p.43). Therefore, teaching children the second language is not only the constant, irreversible process of development, but als o a range of conflicting situations that require immediate solution (Saunders-Semonsky, 2004). Conclusion: When It Comes to Understanding According to the evidence provided by scientists and researchers, learning foreign languages at early age is not only a harmless, but also a highly desirable activity. Owing to the courses of the second language that children take at the age up to 7, their communication skills, as well as their mental development, are constantly progressing. Therefore, it cannot be doubted that with the help of teaching children foreign languages at the age from 1 to 7, one will be able to help the child achieve comprehensive development, which will contribute to his/her future success and emotional comfort. References Beilin, H., Pufall, P. B., 1992. Piaget’s theory: Prospects and possibilities. New York, NY: Routledge. Benson, J. B., Haith, M. M., 2009. Language, memory, and cognition in infancy  and early childhood. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. Boche r, S., Jones, J., 2003. Child language development: Learning to talk. New York, Y: John Wiley Sons. Bialystok, E., Luk, G., Kwan, E. (2005). Bilingualism, biliteracy, and learning to read: Interactions among languages and writing systems. Scientific Studies of Reading, 9(1), pp.43-61. Ellis, R., 1990. Instructed second language acquisition: Learning in the classroom.  New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell. Gardner, H., 2006. The development and education for the mind: The selected works  of Howard Gardner. New York, NY: TaylorFrancis. Harris, M., 1992. Language experience and early language development: From input  to uptake. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Knapp, K., Seidhofer, B., 2009. Handbook of foreign language communication and  learning. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyer. Nikolov, M., 2009. The age factor and early language learning. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyer. Nolan, K., 2004. The power of language: A critique of the assumptions and pedagogical implications of Howard Gardn er’s concept of linguistic intelligence. In Joe J. Kincheloe, Multiple intelligences reconsidered. Bern, CH: Peter Lang. Philp, J., Oliver, R., Mackley, A., 2008. Second language acquisition and the  younger learner. Amsterdam, NL: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Rapaport, B., Westgate, D. P. G., 1974. Children learning French: An attempt at  first principles. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Rymer, R., 1992. II-A silent childhood. The New Yorker, p. 43 Web. Available at:  https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1992/04/20/ii-a-silent-childhood . Saunders-Semonsky, C. M., Spielberger, M. A., 2004. Early language learning: A  model for success. Charlotte, NC: IAP. Singleton, D. M., Lengyel, Z., 1995. The age factor in second language acquisition:  A critical look at the critical period hypothesis. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. Whitehead, M. R., 2010. Language and literacy in the early years 0-7. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

Aristophanes on Homosexual and Heterosexual Soul Mates

Aristophanes on Homosexual and Heterosexual Soul Mates The Greek comedy writer Aristophanes (ca 448-385 BCE), wrote more than 40 plays, many of them comedies which are bawdy and over-the-top, a genre in Greek literature called Old Comedy. Many of them were aimed at Socrates, like this inspired myth about how there came to be people with different sexual orientations.   This treatise appears in the Symposium by Plato, written by 360 BCE, and is from the Greek. In the Beginning In the beginning, there were three parents: Sun, Moon, and Earth. Each produced an offspring, round and otherwise like itself. From the  sun was produced the man; from earth, the woman; from the  moon, the union of the two, the androgyne. Each of these three was a double, one head with two faces looking out in opposite directions, four arms and legs, and two sets of genitalia. They moved about on the earth with a great deal more freedom and power than humans do now, for they rolled rather than walked- ran hand over hand and foot over foot at double speed. One day, these fast, powerful, but foolish creatures decided to scale Mt. Olympus to attack the gods. What should the gods do to show the foolish humans the error of their ways? Should they shoot them down with thunderbolts? No, they decided, too boring. Theyd done that before to the giants. Besides, who would pour out libations and offer sacrifices to them if they destroyed their worshipers? They had to devise a new punishment. Arrogant Humans Zeus thought and thought. Finally, he had a brainstorm. Humans werent a real threat, but they did need a dressing down. Their arrogance would be checked if they lost their speed, strength, and confidence. Zeus decided that if they were cut in half, they would be only half as fast and half as strong. Even better, it was a re-usable plan. Should they act up again, he would repeat the operation, leaving them with only one leg and one arm each. After he revealed his plan to his fellow Olympians, he asked Apollo to join him in putting it into effect. The king of the gods cut the man-man, woman-woman, and man-woman creatures in half and Apollo made the necessary repairs. The face which previously facing out, Apollo turned inward. Then he gathered all the skin together (like a purse) with an opening in the middle as a reminder to mankind of his earlier state. Rejoining Soul Mates After the surgery, the half-creatures ran around frantically looking for their other halves, seeking them out, embracing them, and trying to join together again. Unable to join, the creatures despaired and began to starve to death in their sorrow. Zeus, mindful of his need for worship, decided something must be done to recharge the creatures spirits, so he instructed Apollo to create a means to rejoin temporarily. This Apollo did by turning the genitals to the belly side of the body. Before, mankind had procreated by dropping a seed on the ground. This new system created an interesting new means of producing offspring. The creatures who had been double women before, naturally sought out women, those who had been androgynous, sought out members of the opposite gender, those who had been double men, sought out the company of men. They sought out their other halves,  not simply for intercourse, but so they could become whole again by being rejoined with their souls. Sources Plato. Symposium. Trans. Benardete, Seth [1930–2001] Internet Archive. Web Plato. Symposium. Trans. Jowett, Benjamin [1817–1893]. Project Gutenberg 2008. Web.   Plato. Symposium. Trans. Shelley, Percy Bysshe [1792–1822]. Internet Archive. Web.

Dams and Reservoirs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dams and Reservoirs - Essay Example The final choice of the dam will be made after the consideration of these factors. In the study, the factors that affect the selection of the type of dam and the dam type to be constructed on different foundations will be discussed accordingly. Topography includes the surface configuration of the dam site, the area of the reservoir, the accessibility of construction materials and the source. The topography of an area determines the type of dam to be constructed. Geotechnical and geological structure of the dam site refers to the condition of the foundation which depends upon the thickness and geological strata that will carry the weight of the dam, their permeability and inclination and the relation to the underlying strata and faults. The foundation will be responsible for the choice to a certain extent, although it can be modified, taking the height of the dam into consideration. Availability of construction materials is the reduction of transportation expense for construction materials, especially those in large quantities will have an effect in the reduction of the total cost of the project. Therefore, the most economical type of dam is the one for which the construction materials exists within a distance from the site . ... In the choice of a dam, the size of spillway and the natural restrictions in its location are the controlling factor in the selection of a dam. is the most important factor in the selection of the type of dam to be constructed. But further estimates and alternatives are given considerations to fulfil this factor. Environment and public pinion plays a major influence on the type of dam for construction. For maximum protection, the principal influence of the environmental laws and regulations on the selection of the type of dam is in need for the environment that can affect the dimensions, location, the location of spillway and additional facilities. The possibility of flood inundation during construction, is the possibility of flood overflow during construction would favour a concrete dam. In the economical condition of a country, the amount of production of cement, pozzolan and steel, which are parallel to the industrial development of a country, is a factor in the selection of the t ype of dam to be constructed. Climate and time available for construction means that the design of dams are usually affected by climate, because of the importance of the weather during the construction of the dam. Non availability of side personnel with particular skills, refers to the lack of skilled contractors in the site. In seismicity, earthquake induced damages in dams are very few. Due to the fact that people tend to live in the floodplain downstream of dams, it would be very essential to increase precaution to the selection of the type of dam to be built. Height of the Dam is a very important factor in the selection of dams. Earthfill with toe drains was used for large dam in the past, but it should have been used to low dams in low

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Psychology - Essay Example the study o f how behavior due to one sort of environmental event (larger distant or abstract rewards) may come to dominate behavior due to another sort (smaller immediate or particular rewards)†(Rachlin,2000,p.25).Self discipline is also a concept, which is closely related to self control. It is taming oneself, to live a certain way of life. This concept is mainly incorporated by the person in his life, when he wants to achieve a particular task. Mostly, self control is seen as an individual trait and as a measure of self discipline. If a person lacks self control, it is seen as a failure of his character and personality. Self control is the capability of a person to motivate him to do the right thing. It can also be described as stopping ourselves form doing things that we see as bad for us. Self control constitutes a fundamental aspect of human behavior. Self discipline is another name for self control, without which the life of individuals would lead to chaos. Every habit embedded in the human mind is the result of continuous action .So by controlling a behavior he can form or avoid a habit. It can be very well said that, self control is the strong foundation for the building of character in a person. The degree to which an individual think he has control over the events happening to him, is termed as locus of control. â€Å"Internal versus external control, often referred to as locus of control, refers to the degree to which persons expect that reinforcement or an outcome of the behavior is contingent on their own behavior or personal characteristics versus the degree to which person expect that the reinforcement or outcome is a function of chance, luck or fate, is under the control of powerful other, or is simply unpredictable†(Scrimla,Grimaldi ,2002,p.381).People having high locus of control, have a better control on their behavior and desires. These people direct their life in their own designed path, with their own controlled actions and behavior.

Influence of Age on Self-Description Changes

Influence of Age on Self-Description Changes Gemma L Sobah An investigation of self-descriptions in data collected from two children of different ages, and how their age influences the focal point of their self-descriptions using the findings of Rosenberg (1979) Abstract (166 words) This report investigates the self-descriptions of two children in using the findings of Morris Rosenberg (1979). Rosenberg proposed that young children typically describe themselves using physical conditions, and older children/adults tend to use character and relationship qualities. The two participants took part in an semi-structured interview and the interview transcripts were coded and analysed by dividing the answers into the four categories created by Rosenberg. These were physical, character, relationships or inner. The information and data from the two participants were then compared to Rosenbergs findings. The locus of self-knowledge was also investigated briefly, which Rosenberg stated changed from outside to inner relatedness, the older the child gets. From my findings, it appears my data does to some extent agree with the conclusions that Rosenberg came across as with age they do seem to make less physical descriptions, but there did seem to be a change from locus of self -knowledge from the parent to the individual, as the child got older. Introduction (289 words) The subject of identity and how we acknowledge our own has always be a matter of intense debate those in the field of child development. The many aspects of identity require that many outside aspects are considered when looking at the development of ones identity, like religious, social ethnic, cultural. for that reason, in order to develop an identity, young children should be able to consider such aspects. Maccoby (as cited in Ding and Miel 2005 p. 131) suggests that a sense of self occurs slowly and in small steps. William James (1892 as cited in Miel and Ding 2005 pp 131) thought that a sense of self is divided in two stages: the self as a subject of experience and the self as an thing of knowledge (Miel and Ding, 2005 pg. 131). So as children grow up they develop into people more capable at self-awareness and more practically involved in awareness and responses from other people in their lifes. James believed, this development takes place within childhoo d during interactions between cognitive aspects and social experiences as children actively use their received knowledge about themselves to change parts of their environment. The research for this study relates to the research above due to the age of the participants and the means of the interviews. The interviews are all based on who the child sees themselves as. The way they describe themselves will be the main focus of this study. Whether they dwell solely on their physical appearance or if they go through all the categories and if their responses differ between the two ages. Using Rosenbergs categories, we are hoping to get a clear understanding of whether Rosenbergs and others, work is relevant and can be applied generally. Method (414 words) The design of the study was a comparison of self descriptions elicited from two young people, during semi-structured interviews. The interviewers asked two schools in Milton Keynes, one primary and one secondary to take part in the study. A number of children agreed to take part and their parents were approached for consent and consent forms were signed. Kieron Sheehly interviewed the primary school children and Peter Barnes interviewed the older children. One of the participants was a 8 year old female in primary school and the other was a 16 year old female in secondary school. Both interviews were conducted during school hours within their schools. A tape recorder was used to record the interviews and paper and a pen was used for the children to write down their individual statements. A sound recorder and a producer were present during the interviews. Microphones were used during the interviews and these were placed out of the way as to not get in the way of the interview. All chi ldren were informed at the start of the interview what was going to happen and what was being asked of them. They were also informed who would be using the recording and or what purpose. The interviews were paused while the children wrote down their statements and started again when the interviewer wanted to ask them questions. As there was a potential for outside or background noise, when the background noises began to interfere with the interview, the recording was paused and started again when it became quiet enough to carry on. The two interviews were conducted by staff from the Milton Keynes Open university for the purpose of this study. These were watched and their transcripts were coded and analysed according to Rosenbergs method. Self descriptions of participants were categorised by Rosenberg , into four categories (a) physical; (b) character; (c) relationships d) Inner. The childrens statements were divided where a category could be acknowledged from a single statement (see Appendix 1 and 2) and if a statement could be split into more categories this was done. The percentages of each category were then calculated by way of adding up the column, dividing it by the total and this by 100. This was how each categories percentage was worked out for each child and then these results were then put into a table to show which categories had the highest or lowest percentages for each child. These were then compared and results were explained below. Results (275 words) The hypothesis in this research study was as the child got older there would be a gradual change from physical characteristics to inner and relationship characteristics whilst the locus of self-knowledge increasingly shifted from others to the self as child grew older. Self descriptions that came from I statements, were coded and placed into one of the four categories (see appendices 1). Table 1: Self-descriptions by the children. The Categories Percentage for Annie (8 years old) was : Physical -40% Character 40% Relationships -20% Inner 0% . The Categories Percentages for Kirsty (16 years old) was: Physical 20% Character 20% Relationships 20% Inner 40%. Table 1 (see appendices 5) shows us that the responses that Annie gave were quite equally divided across physical and characteristics, whilst Kirstys were evenly spread over all the categories with the highest percentage being on the inner section. . This appears to support the hypothesis as there was a steady change from physi cal descriptive to psychological descriptive the older the children get. Annies answers to the locus of self-knowledge questions were quite mixed. She showed outer locus of self-knowledge; her teacher knows best about her school work and performance and her mother seems to know best about her behaviour. Although this shows support to Rosenbergs theory and hypothesis it was only using 2 participants and because of this cannot be over generalised to the wider population, which in turn limits the use of the results. Also because Annie only completed five statements and Kirsty completed 10 this cold have impacted the percentage of the results due to kirsty having more data to input into the table. Discussion (682 words) In this research study, two children were chosen. One being at primary school and the other at secondary school, although they were both females, although a larger sample would have allowed for a better analysis of the conclusions in relation to the population. Although the results appeared to supported the Rosenbergs findings(Miel et al, 2010, pp. 21-22) no specific conclusion should be made from such a small sample. Piagets theory of cognitive development also shows this, which could suggest that at about the start of the teen years there is a change from the solid process of development into the final stage of official process .This appears to be the stage at which most adolescents start to create an individual identity and are then able to put into their own point of view and social information about what it means to become an adult and reflect with purpose, on their self consciousness. As the children were interviewed by adults, people they did not know, they may have given different answers to what they may have said to a friend who had asked them the same questions or had a adult that they knew. They could have given biased results due to the fact they were aware it was for a study and they knew the purpose of the study. So because of this the results cant be relied upon wholly to be accurate and true. Regardless of this the way a child describes themselves may be different depending on their level of education and upbringing. For example a child of no school education who cannot read and has limited education may not fully certain aspects of what it means to be them and therefore may give limited answers based on their knowledge and education. Also a child who has been abused or had a very negative start in life, may dwell on more emotional lead than physical lead statements due to them being hurt a lot and there state being very emotionally based. Further still, the way in which a child describes themselves may be purely on what appears to be important to them. Kirsty tended to focus on herself as not being able to change her dress size I am not a size 8 (see appendices 4) and not being able to change who she is in general. This focus may be mainly on how she feels she is perceived by others around her or how she views herself, not just due to her age but due to her current circumstances. From this study it shows that Rosenbergs first hypothesis about the locus of self-knowledge has on some accounts been shown as being correct, although the sample size was a lot smaller than Rosenbergs, also the age of the older participant being incompatible, with Rosenbergs research study. My assumption is to suggest that younger children do appear to describe themselves focusing mainly on their physical attributes and less on how they feel and their personality traits while adults concentrate mainly on their forming on relationships and the impact these have on their sense of self, although the change from physical external descriptions of the younger child to the personal and inner feelings of the older child or adult did not appear to prominent in these results. This study has pointed out the difficulty in trying to determine and discover the idea of sense of self and locus of self-knowledge, and can be used for an indicator to their inner feelings and thoughts of an person in th e process of their development. These descriptions are fluid and live within the communication and changes with others and over a period of time. The locus of self-knowledge also changes by age from child to adult self. Even though the original hypothesis has been somewhat proven to be in general in agreement with the findings of Rosenberg, there are a few practical issues connected in the research of existential and definite selves. More in-depth research involving a much bigger and mixed cultural sample with categorizing results from different researchers could help to prevent some of these issues. Conclusion (46 words) In conclusion, children grow and mature at different times. The progress of developing a sense of self relies on many factors (friendship groups, parents, peers, outer society, etc). Regardless is does appear to be clear that there is a development from physical towards psychological self descriptive. 1,872 words References: Miel, D., Ding, S (2005) Childrens Personal And Social Development: The Early Developmet of Identity,. Milton Keynes. The Open University Appendices 1 Category Analysis Form 1 Coded Responses Physical: describing physical appearance, age, and physical qualities like flexible, sporty etc Character: Likes and dislikes, hobbies and interests, personal qualities and basic personality traits eg, I like to relax, Im laid back etc Relationships: friends and family, social mentions, eg I like making friends Inner: Temperaments, moods and feelings. Eg Im a happy person, I can get stressed easily. etc Appendices 2 Category Analysis Form 2 Coded Responses Physical: describing physical appearance, age, and physical qualities like flexible, sporty etc Character: Likes and dislikes, hobbies and interests, personal qualities and basic personality traits eg, I like to relax, Im laid back etc Relationships: friends and family, social mentions, eg I like making friends Inner: Temperaments, moods and feelings. Understanding of self. Eg Im a happy person, I can get stressed easily. Etc Appendices 3 Annies Statements: 1. I like doing harry potter lego, Ive completed the night bus 2. I love rabbits, guinea pigs and dos 3. I think one of my hobbies is using the tv remote control 4. Im really good at maths and get stuck on telling the time 5. Im not very good at remembering Appendices 4 Kirstys statements: I cant change who I am I can only be my best Ive always been an individual I am not size 8 Im pretty plain I get on well with many people Im friendly and my friends are like family I work as hard as I can I may set my goals too high I can only be me and if some people dont like that, I cant apologise anymore Appendices 5 Table of Results 1

Summary of “Campus Crusade for Guys”

In â€Å"The Campus Crusade for Guys† Sarah Karnasiewicz introduces Michael Thompson, a child psychologist who supports the life of American boys. Thompson is a bestselling author of â€Å"Raising Cain† and is an educational speaker on television for troubled boys. Although he supports American boys he has a daughter of his own, so he does not agree that boys should be given a better opportunity getting into colleges. Despite Thompson’s opinion on the opportunity for boys this is what is happening in colleges today (909).Statistics have changed over the years, showing that now more women apply to college and stick with it. In the early days of coeducation the ratio of men and women on campus revealed that more men were attending college. Men nowadays don’t even apply for college, and the ones that do apply don’t stay long or they do poorly in school (909). If decisions were to be based on gender it would be considered political, but it is very likel y for a battle to be brought up about this topic. Politicians are putting in the news and public media that boys have been abandoned by their schools and communities. Also you can read this summary –  Protecting Freedom of Expression on the CampusTalk show host have also jumped in on this and accused schools of isolating boys. On this topic Thompson says that the education for boys has actually improved and not worsened. Writers from different news articles have stated many opinions on this topic. Starting off the argument one said that years from now women are going to have a hard time finding husbands with all their education. In response to that a women said that years earlier when she was in school and men made up the majority no one was worried about them finding wives, so what’s the difference (910)?Karnasiewicz states that the gender gap is not news; it has been going on for multiple years. A lawsuit was filed about fourteen years ago against the University of Georgia in Athens for trying to equal out the genders on campus. A gender based case where the school was giving male applications better scores when applying because they wanted to even out gender. When this case was brought to the district court the judge wasn’t swayed that the University was only trying to help the minority (910). The University of Georgia’s gender based case has completely stopped favorable action for men.Thompson believes there are already enough favorable actions for men out there; and that it is very likely there is a girl out there that has not got accepted into college because the administration was trying to even out the proportion. With these actions in place already people set out to study the admissions of college students. During their study they took data from thirteen schools and over fifty percent was women acceptance (911). The study that took place at these thirteen colleges showed that gender inequity was most severe at schools that were once single-sex.This study proved that males were more statistically had a better chance of getting accepted. The study also showed that once the application sta rted to weigh more towards the women’s side an affirmative action steps in for men (911). A common ratio at colleges is forty to sixty. This ratio is not just common at previous single-sex schools this is common throughout the nation. Colleges keep track of that ratio and look forward to it becoming a tighter ratio in years to come. Now is not the time for colleges to play a role in gender equality on campus (912).Colleges are changes applications and getting sports that appeal to men to get more men to be accepted into college. People say that there is no difference between the mind of a female and the mind of a male but the advertising business has no doubt there is. At conferences and internal marketing at colleges have a recruiter just for men to make sure they have things that will attract men to that college (912). Boys are normally attracted to technology, so school play up the technological aspect and show men what college looks like in a way they’ve never seen .Other schools find it fit to put pictures of happy, muscular men in their catalog to attract men to their campus. College campus’ are without a doubt trying to advertise themselves to men now instead of women. Even when boys are accepted and go to college they are not as focused as women are; women seem to think that there will be a negative consequence if they don’t do well in college (913). A study shows that the gender gap is related to economics. Women are more concerned with getting a higher education because with a bachelor’s degree women would get paid more than women without.Men on the other hand are not as concerned because there is no significant difference in pay whether he has a bachelor’s degree or not (913). Another opinion is that the careers that are growing now are healthcare, education, leisure and travel, and the services. All the fields are what women are good at and not men so if men want a good job for the future then they need to g et an education. Problems that are arising are that women are replacing children with education and careers. This meaning that not enough children are being born and the population is going down with the increase of women enrolled in college (914).The problem with boys all starts in primary school; female students are more successful then male students in an early age. When it comes to college the administration looks back on everything you have done before then. The better opportunities for boys need to come sooner than college. Thompson said that his mission is to get people to see and think about boys in the vision as they do for girls (915). Work Cited Lunsford, Andrea A. , John J. Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters. â€Å"The Campus Crusade for Guys. † Everything's an Argument: With Readings. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. 909-15. Print.

Aging And Negative Stereotypes Of Aging - 1960 Words

Generally, modern society reinforces negative perceptions of the process of aging, and it is often portrayed in society as being a lonely and depressing experience. These perceptions are important because elderly individuals that have a positive outlook on aging have been linked to better health and psychological well-being. This study explores the impact of negative and positive perceptions of aging, held by society, and how they influence aging individuals. Although, some positive stereotypes exist that are associated with the process of aging they are outweighed by negative stereotypes. â€Å"Labeling Theory† suggests that when older individuals are presented with negative stereotypes they themselves will assimilate these ideas, and will preform worse in age related tasks (Kotter-Grà ¼hn Hess, 2012). In fact studies have shown that when presented with negative reinforcers of aging, individuals show more age related concerns and memory is impacted negatively (Kotter-Gr à ¼hn Hess, 2012). In contrast â€Å"Resilience Theory† suggests that conflict between negative aspects of aging and negative stereotypes can be a pathway to a more positive self perception (Kotter-Grà ¼hn Hess, 2012). The idea of the theory being when individuals feel threatened by societal views they will compare themselves to those that are worse off than they are, and this will in turn lead to a more positive self perception. Resilience theory is supported by a study that found improvement in competence inShow MoreRelatedAging Of Aging And Aging Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesAs aging is a stage of development that cannot prevented, the question of â€Å"can one’s aging be more successful than another?† is posed my many. 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Cost-Benefit Analysis and Ethics Analysis Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The use of indirect methods is because many public services do not have equivalents in the private sector. In the public health policy, human health data statistical models and laboratory experiments play a significant role. Some crucial public health protection needs can only be met effectively through government action and cost-benefit analysis provides guidance to these actions. Cost-benefit analysis is used as a channel to effective public health policies where there is the issue of inefficient market within the private sector depending on how their actions affect the health of the public. In using cost-benefit analysis in the public health policy, regulations maintenance includes those that demonstrate benefits exceeding the costs. Because of this, the regulations will ease the burden on the business and consumers that are out of proportion to gains in health, which leads to more considerations of mechanisms of achieving desirable health2. However, cost-benefit analysis is often viewed as an inconsistent procedure and should not be emphasized on public policy decisions. Cost-benefit analysis has several problems that range from deep ethical and logical contradictions and partisan abuse. It could be detrimental when cost-benefit does not define the important benefits, in monetary terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost-Benefit Analysis and Ethics Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Cost-benefit analysis is very costly and time-consuming because of the resources needed for a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis process. It is not advisable to use cost-benefit analysis because costs and benefits are difficult and in some instances impossible to measure. Cost-benefit analysis may cause problems when there is a difficulty in predicting the technical innovations required in the public health policy that will reduce long-term compliance costs which often leads to an overstatement of costs relative to benefits. The cost-benefit regulatory process has indirect costs, which include or are because of uncertainty delay or inflexibility in the implementation that cannot be included in the range of analysis3. There is a need for ethical analysis of regulatory policy in public health policy issue because public health decisions are marred with conflicting and ambiguous ethical principles. The health sector has an obligation to consider ethical perspectives as major determinants of health. Ethics involves finding justifiable grounds for distinguishing between what is right of wrong. It involves social perspectives, justice, rights, and human dignity. Health policy ethics involves organizing financing and delivering health care that caters for all people of different social classes in society.